- Turbonillinae
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Turbonillinae Scientific classification Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Mollusca Class: Gastropoda (unranked): clade Heterobranchia
clade Euthyneura
clade PanpulmonataSuperfamily: Pyramidelloidea Family: Pyramidellidae Subfamily: Turbonillinae
H. G. Bronn, 1849Genera See text.
Synonyms Chemnitziinae Stoliczka, 1868
Turbonillinae is a subfamily of mostly minute parasitic sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the family Pyramidellidae, the pyrams and their allies.[1]
Contents
Taxonomy
In the taxonomy of Schander, Van Aartsen & Corgan (1999)[2] Turbonillinae is a part of the family Turbonillidae.
- Family Turbonillidae Bronn, 1849
- Subfamily Turbonillinae Bronn, 1849
- Subfamily Cingulininae Saurin, 1958
- Subfamily Eulimellinae Saurin, 1958
According to Schander, Van Aartsen & Corgan (1999) there are 27 genera within the Turbonillinae.[2]
Turbonillinae has been one of eleven recognised subfamilies in the family Pyramidellidae (according to the taxonomy of Ponder & Lindberg, 1997).[3]
In the taxonomy of Bouchet & Rocroi (2005), this subfamily comprises the subfamilies Cingulininae and Eulimellinae, that have been downgraded to the rank of tribe.[1]
- Subfamily Turbonillinae Bronn, 1849
- Tribe Turbonillini Bronn, 1849
- Tribe Cingulinini Saurin, 1958
- Tribe Eulimellini Saurin, 1958
In 2010 the subfamily Turbonillinae has been recognized as monophyletic [4]
Genera
Genera within the subfamily Turbonillinae include:[2]
tribe Turbonillini
- Turbonilla Risso, 1826 - type genus of the subfamily Turbonillinae
- Amamimormula Kuroda, 1928
- Asmunda Dall & Bartsch, 1904
- Bartschella Iredale, 1916
- Baldra Dall & Bartsch, 1904
- Cylindroturbonilla Nordsieck, 1972
- Exesilla Laseron, 1959
- Gispyrella Laws, 1937
- Graciliturbonilla Nordsieck, 1972
- Houbrickia Wise, 1996
- Lancea Peace, 1868
- Magniturbonilla Nordsieck, 1972
- Mormula A. Adams, 1863
- Nisiturris Dall & Bartsch, 1906
- Paramormula Nomura, 1939
- Paraturbonilla Boettger, 1906
- Planpyrgiscus Laws, 1937
- Pselliogyra Dall & Bartsch, 1909
- Pyrgiscilla Laws, 1937
- Pyrgiscus Philippi, 1841
- Pyrgolampros Sacco, 1892
- Pyrgolidium Monterosato, 1884
- Striarcana Laws, 1937
- Sulcoturbonilla Sacco, 1892
- Tereoturbonilla Eames, 1951
- Zaphella Laseron, 1959
tribe Cingulinini
Main article: Cingulininitribe Eulimellini
Main article: Eulimellinitribe ?
- Kleinella A. Adams, 1860[5]
Problematic genera within the family Turbonillinae
The following genera were difficult to place within the subfamily Turbonillinae (= Turbonillini + Cingulinini + Eulimellini):
- Atomiscala DeBoury, 1909
- Atomiscala islandica Warén, 1989[6]
- Hamarilla Eames & Wilkins, 1957
- Pseudographis Mifsud, 1998
- Pseudographis cachiai Mifsud, 1998[7]
- Rissopsetia Dell, 1956
The genus Ebala was previously placed in the Eulimellinae, but was then placed in the family Ebalidae, that is a synonym of Murchisonellidae.[1]
Distribution
This family is found worldwide.
Shell description
The shell of these snails has a blunt, heterostrophic protoconch, which is pointed sideways. The shell of most species are rather high and slender.
The texture of these shells is usually ribbed sculptured in various forms and often also have more or less prominent spirals. Their color is mostly white, cream or yellowish, sometimes with red or brown lines.
The adult shell, the teleoconch is dextrally coiled, but the larval shells are sinistral. This results in a sinistrally coiled protoconch. The opening of the shell, the aperture is closed by a lid, a so called operculum.
Life habits
The Turbonillinae are ectoparasites, feeding mainly on other molluscs and on annelid worms.
They do not have a radula. Instead their long proboscis is used to pierce the skin of its prey and suck up its fluids and soft tissues. The eyes on the grooved tentacles are situated toward the base of the tentacles. Between the head and the foot, a lobed process called the mentum (= thin projection) is visible.
These molluscs are hermaphrodites.
References
- ^ a b c Bouchet P., Rocroi J.-P., Frýda J., Hausdorf B., Ponder W., Valdés Á. & Warén A. (2005). "Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families". Malacologia: International Journal of Malacology (Hackenheim, Germany: ConchBooks) 47 (1-2): 1–397. ISBN 3925919724. ISSN 0076-2997. http://www.archive.org/details/malacologia47122005inst.
- ^ a b c Schander C., van Aartsen J. J. & Corgan J. C. (1999). "Families and genera of the Pyramidelloidea (Mollusca: Gastropoda)". Bollettino Malacologico 34 (9–12): 145–166.
- ^ Ponder W. F. & Lindberg D. R. (1997). "Towards a phylogeny of gastropod molluscs: an analysis using morphological characters". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 119 (2): 88–265. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.1997.tb00137.x.
- ^ Dinapoli, Angela; Carmen Zinnsmeister & Annette Klussmann-Kolb (10). "New insights into the phylogeny of the Pyramidellidae (Gastropoda)". Journal of Molluscan Studies 77 (1): 1–7. doi:10.1093/mollus/eyq027. http://mollus.oxfordjournals.org/content/77/1/1.abstract. Retrieved 2011-10-25.
- ^ WoRMS (2010). Kleinella. In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. (2010) World Marine Mollusca database. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=224515 on 2011-04-02
- ^ Gofas, S. (2010). Atomiscala islandica Warén, 1989. In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. (2010) World Marine Mollusca database. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=140896 on 2011-03-22
- ^ WoRMS (2010). Pseudographis cachiai Mifsud, 1998. In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. (2010) World Marine Mollusca database. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=457911 on 2011-03-22
- ^ WoRMS (2010). Rissopsetia hummelincki Faber, 1984. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=420476 on 2011-03-22
- ^ Gofas, S. (2010). Rissopsetia islandica Warén, 1989. In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. (2010) World Marine Mollusca database. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=141043 on 2011-03-22
Categories: - Family Turbonillidae Bronn, 1849
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