Expensive Planetarium

Expensive Planetarium

Infobox Software
name = Expensive Planetarium



caption = Spacewar! on a PDP-1 at the Computer History Museum
author = Peter Samson
developer =
released = 1962 or 1963
latest release version =
latest release date =
latest preview version =
latest preview date =
operating system =
platform = PDP-1
language =
genre = Planetarium
license =
website = [http://www.computerhistory.org/pdp-1/ PDP-1 Restoration Project]

Expensive Planetarium is the star display written by Peter Samson for Spacewar!, one of the first interactive computer games. Conceived and written by Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) students including Stephen Russell who programmed it, the Spacewar! game first ran in early 1962 on the PDP-1 donated to the school by Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC). The planetarium replaced the game's random dots of light in 1962 or 1963.Samson encoded the night sky between 22 1/2 degrees north and 22 1/2 degrees south based on American Ephemeris and Nautical Almanac data. The planetarium displays all of the stars above fifth magnitude over Cambridge, Massachusetts in their relative brightness. The stars can be fixed or can move from right to left.

Written in the PDP-1 assembler , the display got its name from the price of a PDP-1 at the time, about $120,000 in 1962 USD. Its predecessor Expensive Typewriter written by Stephen Piner and improved by Peter Deutsch was the editor which allowed the MIT users to operate the TX-0 and PDP-1 directly. Expensive Typewriter descended from Colossal Typewriter by John McCarthy and Roland Silver. Also during this period, Robert A. Wagner wrote the Expensive Desk Calculator, and David Gross created the Expensive Tape Recorder with help from Alan Kotok.

Nearly original Spacewar! can be played on the only [http://www.computerhistory.org/pdp-1/ functioning PDP-1] , restored at the Computer History Museum in 2004-2006. A Java applet at the MIT Media Lab Software Agents group plays [http://agents.www.media.mit.edu/groups/el/projects/spacewar/ in a Web browser]

References

* This stub is based on [http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=4995476926708958999&q=computer+history+dec The Mouse That Roared: PDP-1 Celebration Event Lecture 05.15.06] (Google Video link), Computer History Museum, 15 May 2006
* This stub is based on [http://www.atarimagazines.com/cva/v1n1/spacewar.php The origin of Spacewar] by J. M. Graetz, Creative Computing, August 1981, and Creative Computing Video & Arcade Games, Spring 1983
* This stub is based on [http://agents.www.media.mit.edu/groups/el/projects/spacewar/ Spacewar and Readme at MIT Media Lab]
* [http://groups.google.com/group/alt.folklore.computers/msg/ee505c7d0b1d0c1e emacs and other editors] (Google link), Eric Fischer, alt.folklore.computers, 2000

The complete source code

The source code was found here. [ [http://www.computerhistory.org/pdp-1/index.php?f=theme&s=4&ss=3 Computer History Museum - Restoring the DEC PDP-1 Computer Exhibit ] ]
The pdf was found here. [ [http://archive.computerhistory.org/resources/text/DEC/pdp-1/DEC.pdp_1.102664173.pdf stars by prs for s/w 2b ] ]

Stars by prs for s/w 2b 6077/ /stars 1 * 3/13/62 prs. decimal define mark X, Y repeat 8, Y=Y+Y 8192-X Y terminate 1j, mark 1537, 371 /87 taur, aldebaran mark 1762, -189 /19 orio, rigel mark 1990, 168 /58 orio, betelgeuze mark 2280, -377 /9 cmaj, sirius mark 2583, 125 /25 cmin, procyon mark 3431, 283 /32 leon, regulus mark 4551, -242 /67 virg, spica mark 4842, 448 /16 boot, arcturus 1q, mark 6747, 196 /53 aqil, altair 2j, mark 1819, 143 /24 orio, bellatrix mark 1884, -29 /46 orio mark 1910, -46 /50 orio mark 1951, -221 /53 orio mark 2152, -407 / 2 cmaj mark 2230, 375 /24 gemi mark 3201, -187 /30 hyda, alphard mark 4005, 344 /94 leon, denebola 2q, mark 5975, 288 /55 ophi 3j, mark 46, 333 /88 pegs, algenib mark 362, -244 /31 ceti mark 490, 338 /99 pisc mark 566, -375 /52 ceti mark 621, 462 / 6 arie mark 764, -78 /68 ceti, mira mark 900, 64 /86 ceti mark 1007, 84 /92 ceti mark 1243, -230 /23 erid mark 1328, -314 /34 erid mark 1495, 432 /74 taur mark 1496, 356 /78 taur mark 1618, 154 / 1 orio mark 1644, 52 / 8 orio mark 1723, -119 /67 erid mark 1755, -371 / 5 leps mark 1779, -158 /20 orio mark 1817, -57 /28 orio mark 1843, -474 / 9 leps mark 1860, -8 /34 orio mark 1868, -407 /11 leps mark 1875, 225 /39 orio mark 1880, -136 /44 orio mark 1887, 480 /123 taur mark 1948, -338 /14 leps mark 2274, 296 /31 gemi mark 2460, 380 /54 gemi mark 2470, 504 /55 gemi mark 2513, 193 / 3 cmin mark 2967, 154 /11 hyda mark 3016, 144 /16 hyda mark 3424, 393 /30 leon mark 3496, 463 /41 leon, algieba mark 3668, -357 /nu hyda mark 3805, 479 /68 leon mark 3806, 364 /10 leon mark 4124, -502 / 2 corv mark 4157, -387 / 4 corv mark 4236, -363 / 7 corv mark 4304, -21 /29 virg mark 4384, 90 /43 virg mark 4421, 262 /47 virg mark 4606, -2 /79 virg mark 4721, 430 / 8 boot mark 5037, -356 / 9 libr mark 5186, -205 /27 libr mark 5344, 153 /24 serp mark 5357, 358 /28 serp mark 5373, -71 /32 serp mark 5430, -508 / 7 scor mark 5459, -445 / 8 scor mark 5513, -78 / 1 ophi mark 5536, -101 / 2 ophi mark 5609, 494 /27 herc mark 5641, -236 /13 ophi mark 5828, -355 /35 ophi mark 5860, 330 /64 herc mark 5984, -349 /55 serp mark 6047, 63 /62 ophi mark 6107, -222 /64 ophi mark 6159, 217 /72 ophi mark 6236, -66 /58 serp mark 6439, -483 /37 sgtr mark 6490, 312 /17 aqil mark 6491, -115 /16 aqil mark 6507, -482 /41 sgtr mark 6602, 66 /30 aqil mark 6721, 236 /50 aqil mark 6794, 437 /12 sgte mark 6862, -25 /65 aqil mark 6914, -344 / 9 capr mark 7014, 324 / 6 dlph mark 7318, -137 /22 aqar mark 7391, 214 / 8 pegs mark 7404, -377 /49 capr mark 7513, -18 /34 aqar mark 7539, 130 /26 pegs mark 7644, -12 /55 aqar mark 7717, 235 /42 pegs mark 7790, -372 /76 aqar 3q, mark 7849, 334 /54 pegs, markab 4j, mark 1, -143 /33 pisc mark 54, 447 /89 pegs mark 54, -443 /7 ceti mark 82, -214 /8 ceti mark 223, -254 /17 ceti mark 248, 160 /63 pisc mark 273, -38 /20 ceti mark 329, 167 /71 pisc mark 376, 467 /84 pisc mark 450, -198 /45 ceti mark 548, 113 /106 pisc mark 570, 197 /110 pisc mark 595, -255 /53 ceti mark 606, -247 /55 ceti mark 615, 428 / 5 arie mark 617, 61 /14 pisc mark 656, -491 /59 ceti mark 665, 52 /113 pisc mark 727, 191 /65 ceti mark 803, -290 /72 ceti mark 813, 182 /73 ceti mark 838, -357 /76 ceti mark 878, -2 /82 ceti mark 907, -340 /89 ceti mark 908, 221 /87 ceti mark 913, -432 / 1 erid mark 947, -487 / 2 erid mark 976, -212 / 3 erid mark 992, 194 /91 ceti mark 1058, 440 /57 arie mark 1076, 470 /58 arie mark 1087, -209 /13 erid mark 1104, 68 /96 ceti mark 1110, -503 /16 erid mark 1135, 198 / 1 taur mark 1148, 214 / 2 taur mark 1168, 287 / 5 taur mark 1170, -123 /17 erid mark 1185, -223 /18 erid mark 1191, -500 /19 erid mark 1205, 2 /10 taur mark 1260, -283 /26 erid mark 1304, -74 /32 erid mark 1338, 278 /35 taur mark 1353, 130 /38 taur mark 1358, 497 /37 taur mark 1405, -162 /38 erid mark 1414, 205 /47 taur mark 1423, 197 /49 taur mark 1426, -178 /40 erid mark 1430, 463 /50 taur mark 1446, 350 /54 taur mark 1463, 394 /61 taur mark 1470, 392 /64 taur mark 1476, 502 /65 taur mark 1477, 403 /68 taur mark 1483, 350 /71 taur mark 1485, 330 /73 taur mark 1495, 358 /77 taur mark 1507, 364 / mark 1518, -6 /45 erid mark 1526, 333 /86 taur mark 1537, 226 /88 taur mark 1544, -81 /48 erid mark 1551, 280 /90 taur mark 1556, 358 /92 taur mark 1557, -330 /53 erid mark 1571, -452 /54 erid mark 1596, -78 /57 erid mark 1622, 199 / 2 orio mark 1626, 124 / 3 orio mark 1638, -128 /61 erid mark 1646, 228 / 7 orio mark 1654, 304 / 9 orio mark 1669, 36 /10 orio mark 1680, -289 /64 erid mark 1687, -167 /65 erid mark 1690, -460 / mark 1690, 488 /102 taur mark 1700, 347 /11 orio mark 1729, 352 /15 orio mark 1732, -202 /69 erid mark 1750, -273 / 3 leps mark 1753, 63 /17 orio mark 1756, -297 / 4 leps mark 1792, -302 / 6 leps mark 1799, -486 / mark 1801, -11 /22 orio mark 1807, 79 /23 orio mark 1816, -180 /29 orio mark 1818, 40 /25 orio mark 1830, 497 /114 taur mark 1830, 69 /30 orio mark 1851, 134 /32 orio mark 1857, 421 /119 taur mark 1861, -168 /36 orio mark 1874, 214 /37 orio mark 1878, -132 / mark 1880, -112 /42 orio mark 1885, 210 /40 orio mark 1899,-60 /48 orio mark 1900, 93 /47 orio mark 1900, -165 /49 orio mark 1909, 375 /126 taur mark 1936, -511 /13 leps mark 1957, 287 /134 taur mark 1974, -475 /15 leps mark 1982, 461 /54 orio mark 2002, -323 /16 leps mark 2020, -70 / mark 2030, 220 /61 orio mark 2032, -241 / 3 mono mark 2037, 458 /62 orio mark 2057, -340 /18 leps mark 2059, 336 /67 orio mark 2084, 368 /69 orio mark 2084, 324 /70 orio mark 2105, -142 / 5 mono mark 2112, -311 / mark 2153, 106 / 8 mono mark 2179, 462 /18 gemi mark 2179, -107 /10 mono mark 2184, -159 /11 mono mark 2204, 168 /13 mono mark 2232, -436 / 7 cmaj mark 2239, -413 / 8 cmaj mark 2245, -320 / mark 2250, 227 /15 mono mark 2266, 303 /30 gemi mark 2291, 57 /18 mono mark 2327, 303 /38 gemi mark 2328, -457 /15 cmaj mark 2330, -271 /14 cmaj mark 2340, -456 /19 cmaj mark 2342, -385 /20 cmaj mark 2378, -93 /19 mono mark 2379, 471 /43 gemi mark 2385, -352 /23 cmaj mark 2428, -8 /22 mono mark 2491, -429 / mark 2519, 208 / 4 cmin mark 2527, 278 / 6 cmin mark 2559, -503 / mark 2597, -212 /26 mono mark 2704, -412 / mark 2709, -25 /28 mono mark 2714, 60 / mark 2751, -61 /29 mono mark 2757, -431 /16 pupp mark 2768, -288 /19 pupp mark 2794, 216 /17 canc mark 2848, -82 / mark 2915, 138 / 4 hyda mark 2921, 84 / 5 hyda mark 2942, -355 / 9 hyda mark 2944, 497 /43 canc mark 2947, 85 / 7 hyda mark 2951, -156 / mark 2953, 421 /47 canc mark 2968, -300 /12 hyda mark 2976, 141 /13 hyda mark 3032, 279 /65 canc mark 3124, 62 /22 hyda mark 3157, -263 /26 hyda mark 3161, -208 /27 hyda mark 3209, -53 /31 hyda mark 3225, -17 /32 hyda mark 3261, 116 / mark 3270, -16 /35 hyda mark 3274, -316 /38 hyda mark 3276, 236 /14 leon mark 3338, -327 /39 hyda mark 3385, 194 /29 leon mark 3415, -286 /40 hyda mark 3428, 239 /31 leon mark 3429, 3 /15 sext mark 3446, -270 /41 hyda mark 3495, 455 /40 leon mark 3534, -372 /42 hyda mark 3557, -3 /30 sext mark 3570, 223 /47 leon mark 3726, -404 /al crat mark 3736, -44 /61 leon mark 3738, 471 /60 leon mark 3754, 179 /63 leon mark 3793, -507 /11 crat mark 3821, -71 /74 leon mark 3836, -324 /12 crat mark 3846, 150 /77 leon mark 3861, 252 /78 leon mark 3868, -390 /15 crat mark 3935, -211 /21 crat mark 3936, -6 /91 leon mark 3981, -405 /27 crat mark 3986, 161 / 3 virg mark 3998, 473 /93 leon mark 4013, 53 / 5 virg mark 4072, 163 / 8 virg mark 4097, 211 / 9 virg mark 4180, -3 /15 virg mark 4185, 418 /11 coma mark 4249, -356 / 8 corv mark 4290, -170 /26 virg mark 4305, 245 /30 virg mark 4376, -205 /40 virg mark 4403, 409 /36 coma mark 4465, -114 /51 virg mark 4466, 411 /42 coma mark 4512, -404 /61 virg mark 4563, -352 /69 virg mark 4590, -131 /74 virg mark 4603, 95 /78 virg mark 4679, 409 / 4 boot mark 4691, 371 / 5 boot mark 4759, 46 /93 virg mark 4820, 66 / mark 4822, -223 /98 virg mark 4840, -126 /99 virg mark 4857, -294 /100 virg mark 4864, 382 /20 boot mark 4910, -41 /105 virg mark 4984, 383 /29 boot mark 4986, 322 /30 boot mark 4994, -119 /107 virg mark 5009, 396 /35 boot mark 5013, 53 /109 virg mark 5045, 444 /37 boot mark 5074, -90 /16 libr mark 5108, 57 /110 virg mark 5157, -442 /24 libr mark 5283, -221 /37 libr mark 5290, -329 /38 libr mark 5291, 247 /13 serp mark 5326, -440 /43 libr mark 5331, 455 /21 serp mark 5357, 175 /27 serp mark 5372, 420 /35 serp mark 5381, 109 /37 serp mark 5387, 484 /38 serp mark 5394, -374 /46 libr mark 5415, 364 /41 serp mark 5419, -318 /48 libr mark 5455, -253 /xi scor mark 5467, -464 / 9 scor mark 5470, -469 /10 scor mark 5497, -437 /14 scor mark 5499, -223 /15 scor mark 5558, 29 /50 serp mark 5561, 441 /20 herc mark 5565, -451 / 4 ophi mark 5580, 325 /24 herc mark 5582, -415 / 7 ophi mark 5589, -186 / 3 ophi mark 5606, -373 / 8 ophi mark 5609, 50 /10 ophi mark 5610, -484 / 9 ophi mark 5620, 266 /29 herc mark 5713, -241 /20 ophi mark 5742, 235 /25 ophi mark 5763, 217 /27 ophi mark 5807, 293 /60 herc mark 5868, -8 /41 ophi mark 5888, -478 /40 ophi mark 5889, -290 /53 serp mark 5924, -114 / mark 5925, 96 /49 ophi mark 5987, -183 /57 ophi mark 6006, -292 /56 serp mark 6016, -492 /58 ophi mark 6117, -84 /57 serp mark 6117, 99 /66 ophi mark 6119, 381 /93 herc mark 6119, 67 /67 ophi mark 6125, 30 /68 ophi mark 6146, 57 /70 ophi mark 6158, 198 /71 ophi mark 6170, 473 /102 herc mark 6188, -480 /13 sgtr mark 6234, 76 /74 ophi mark 6235, 499 /106 herc mark 6247, -204 /xi scut mark 6254, -469 /21 sgtr mark 6255, 494 /109 herc mark 6278, -333 /ga scut mark 6313, -189 /al scut mark 6379, 465 /110 herc mark 6382, -110 /be scut mark 6386, 411 /111 herc mark 6436, 93 /63 serp mark 6457, 340 /13 aqil mark 6465, -134 /12 aqil mark 6478, -498 /39 sgtr mark 6553, 483 / 1 vulp mark 6576, -410 /44 sgtr mark 6576, -368 /46 sgtr mark 6607, 3 /32 aqil mark 6651, 163 /38 aqil mark 6657, 445 / 9 vulp mark 6665, -35 /41 aqil mark 6688, 405 / 5 sgte mark 6693, 393 / 6 sgte mark 6730, 416 / 7 sgte mark 6739, 430 / 8 sgte mark 6755, 17 /55 aqil mark 6766, 187 /59 aqil mark 6772, 140 /60 aqil mark 6882, 339 /67 aqil mark 6896, -292 / 5 capr mark 6898, -292 / 6 capr mark 6913, -297 / 8 capr mark 6958, -413 /11 capr mark 6988, 250 / 2 dlph mark 7001, 326 / 4 dlph mark 7015, -33 /71 aqil mark 7020, 475 /29 vulp mark 7026, 354 / 9 dlph mark 7047, 335 /11 dlph mark 7066, 359 /12 dlph mark 7067, -225 / 2 aqar mark 7068, -123 / 3 aqar mark 7096, -213 / 6 aqar mark 7161, -461 /22 capr mark 7170, -401 /23 capr mark 7192, -268 /13 capr mark 7199, 222 / 5 equl mark 7223, 219 / 7 equl mark 7230, 110 / 8 equl mark 7263, -393 /32 capr mark 7267, 441 / 1 pegs mark 7299, -506 /36 capr mark 7347, -453 /39 capr mark 7353, -189 /23 aqar mark 7365, -390 /40 capr mark 7379, -440 /43 capr mark 7394, 384 / 9 pegs mark 7499, -60 /31 aquar mark 7513, 104 /22 pegs mark 7515, -327 /33 aqar mark 7575, -189 /43 aqar mark 7603, -43 /48 aqar mark 7604, 266 /31 pegs mark 7624, 20 /52 aquar mark 7639, 96 /35 pegs mark 7654, -255 /57 aqar mark 7681, -14 /62 aqar mark 7727, -440 /66 aqar mark 7747, 266 /46 pegs mark 7761, -321 /71 aqar mark 7779, -185 /73 aqar mark 7795, 189 /50 pegs mark 7844, 75 / 4 pisc mark 7862, 202 /55 pegs mark 7874, -494 /88 aqar mark 7903, -150 /90 aqar mark 7911, -219 /91 aqar mark 7919, 62 / 6 pisc mark 7923, -222 /93 aqar mark 7952, -470 /98 aqar mark 7969, -482 /99 aqar mark 7975, 16 / 8 pisc mark 7981, 133 /10 pisc mark 7988, 278 /70 pegs mark 8010, -489 /101 aqar mark 8049, 116 /17 pisc mark 8059, -418 /104 aqar mark 8061, 28 /18 pisc mark 8064, -344 /105 aqar mark 8159, 144 /28 pisc mark 8174, -149 /30 pisc 4q, mark 8188, -407 / 2 ceti start 4

References

ee also

* PDP-1
* Spacewar!
* Expensive Typewriter
* Expensive Desk Calculator
* Expensive Tape Recorder


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