Islamic flags

Islamic flags

An Islamic flag is a flag that complies with Islamic rules. Traditionally Islamic flags were of solid colour. The most favoured colours were black, white, red and green. However, other plain colours can be adopted. A bi-colour or tricolour (triband) flag can also be adopted as an Islamic flag. An example of a traditional solid coloured Islamic flag would be the old flag of Libya under Gaddafi.

Contents

Early history

Early Islamic flags

White Standard
Flag with The Shahada and moon (original shape of banner, etc., unknown)
Flag of Quraish (as carried by Bani-Ummaiya; putative design with a hawk)

The early Muslim community did not use any designs or geometric shapes as symbols on their flags. During the time of the Islamic prophet, Muhammad, Muslim armies and caravans flew simple solid-coloured flags (generally black or white) for identification purposes. In later generations, the Muslim leaders continued to use a simple black, white, or green flag with no markings, writings, or symbolism on it.

Muhammad used flags of different colours in different Ghazwat (or campaigns commanded by Muhammad himself) and Saraya (or campaigns commanded by any Sahaba (the companions of Muhammad). The major flag of Muhammad was known as Al-Uqab (The Eagle); it was pure black, without symbols or markings.[1] Its name and colour was derived from the flag of the Quraysh, an Arabian tribe, whose flag, also called Al-Uqaab, was black with an eagle.[2]

Crescent moon and star

A typical presentation of the star and crescent.

It wasn't until the Ottoman Empire that the crescent moon and star became affiliated with the Muslim world. Legend holds that the founder of the Ottoman Dynasty, Sultan Osman I, had a dream in which the crescent moon stretched from one end of the earth to the other. Taking this as a good omen, he chose to keep the crescent and make it the symbol of his dynasty. There is speculation that the five points on the star represent the Five Pillars of Islam, but this is pure conjecture. The five points were not standard on the Ottoman flags, and it is still not standard on flags used in the Muslim world today.

The Ottomans also used a flag with a crescent. When the first Ottoman Caliph, Selim I assumed power, the religious flag and the national flag were separated.[1] While both flags featured a right facing crescent, the national flag was red and the religious flag green, and, at a later date a five-pointed star was added.[1] This type of flag has become the de facto Islamic flag, and is used, with variations, by multiple Muslim lands such as Algeria, Azerbaijan, the Comoros, Malaysia, Maldives, Mauritania, Pakistan, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus, Uzbekistan, and the Western Sahara.[1] As the crescent and star have no religious significance however, some Muslim scholars are against attaching these signs on mosques and minarets or using them to denote Muslim societies.

The Pan-Arab flag and colours

Traditionally, early Arab flags were of one colour only, usually black or white, and charged with a religious inscription. It is thought that Muhammad himself used such flags, and it is said that his followers fought under a white flag.

White was also traditionally the colour of the Umayyad Dynasty.[1] The Abbasid Dynasty which succeeded them used a black flag.[1] The Fatimid Dynasty of caliphs, meanwhile, had green as their traditional colour,[1] while the Hashemites used red.

In 1911, at a meeting in Istanbul, it was decided that a modern flag to represent all Arabs should include all four of these colours. Three years later, al-Fatat (the Young Arab Society), decreed that a future independent Arab state should use a flag of these colours, and on May 30, 1917 Hussein bin Ali, Sharif of Mecca, leader of the Hejaz Revolt replaced his plain red flag with one horizontally striped in black, green, and white with a red triangular area at the hoist. This was seen as the birth of the pan-Arab flag.

Since that time, many Arab nations, upon achieving independence or upon change of political regime, have used a combination of these colours in a design reflecting the Hejaz Revolt flag. These flags include the current flags of Iraq, Syria, Yemen, Egypt, Kuwait, United Arab Emirates, Jordan, Palestinian National Authority, Algeria, and Sudan, and former flags of Iraq and Libya.

Other Arab or predominantly Muslim nations have kept single colour flags, often with some symbol or script. These flags include those of Libya, Turkey, Tunisia, Turkmenistan, Morocco, and Saudi Arabia. Pakistan's flag can also be considered alongside this group.

New flag of Iran after 1979.
New flag of Iraq with Arabic inscription Allahu Akbar

Where a symbol is used, most frequently it is the star and crescent. Script takes one of two forms, either the Shahada or Allahu Akbar ("God is great"). Iraq uses the pan-Arab colours with the addition of Allahu Akbar—in recognizable form on Iraq's flag. Saudi Arabia and Afghanistan use the Shahadah, a declaration of faith: lā ilāha illā-llāh, wa muħammadan rasūlu-llāh in Arabic, translation "There is no god but Allah and Muhammad is His Prophet".

Representation of flags

Unlike the practice in most Western nations, flags are usually depicted in Islamic countries with the staff to the right. This is analogous to the right-to-left form of most Arabic and Arabic-influenced scripts. This can make for confusion when flag images are shown without an accompanying flagstaff, as it may not be immediately obvious which way around the flag is being depicted.

In keeping with Islamic law, Muslim flags generally do not bear any representations of live creatures, though some Arab flags have the Eagle of Saladin that are used as supporters on the Coats of Arms. These flags are not necessarily Islamic in their nature; rather they more likely to derive from the Pan-Arabist movement. It is rare to find plants depicted on flags of Muslim nations, even though this is permissible under Islamic guidelines. Some state and royal flags of Saudi Arabia depict palm trees.

Islamic extremism

Al-Liwaa.svg
Flag of Jihad.svg

The Taliban replaced their solid white flag with a white flag inscribed with the shahada in black as they took power in Afghanistan in 1997. Political Islamism and Islamic terrorism has been using black flags inscribed with the shahada in white since ca. 2001.

During the 2000s, it became popular in Islamist jargon to refer to the black flag as al-raya and the white flag as al-liwa', after the terms of the black and white flags flown by Muhammad according to the hadith. The white flag is sometimes identified as the "flag of the Caliphate" while the black one is dubbed the "flag of Jihad".[3]

See also

References

External links


Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.

Игры ⚽ Поможем написать реферат

Look at other dictionaries:

  • Islamic Center of Washington — Infobox religious building caption=The Islamic Center of Washington building name=Islamic Center of Washington location=Washington, USA geo=coord|38|55|1|N|77|3|25|W|display=title|region:US WA type:landmark dim:100 source:dewiki religious… …   Wikipedia

  • Six Flags — Infobox Company company name = Six Flags, Inc. company company type = Public (NYSE|SIX) foundation = 1961 location = New York, New York key people = Mark Shapiro, President and Chief Executive Officer; Jeffrey Speed, Executive Vice President and… …   Wikipedia

  • Students Islamic Movement of India — The Students Islamic Movement of India was formed in Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh state, in April 1977. The stated mission of SIMI is the ‘liberation of India’ from western materialistic cultural influence and to convert it into an Islamic society.… …   Wikipedia

  • List of flags by color — This is a list of flags that contain any amount of color each color listed here. = Black (Sable) = *Black flag *Flag of Afghanistan *Flag of Albania *Civil Ensign of Albania *Naval Ensign of Albania *Flag of Alphen aan den Rijn *Flag of Andorra… …   Wikipedia

  • Symbols of Islam — Islamic symbols are non textual and non verbal, visual symbols that have been used, or are used, to express identification with Islam or a particular tradition within Islam, to evoke feelings of joy, sadness, devotion, etc., or even to stand for… …   Wikipedia

  • Star and crescent — A typical presentation of the star and crescent. A star (or stars) and crescent featuring in some combination form the basis of symbols widely found across the ancient world, with examples attested from the Eastern Mediterranean and Central… …   Wikipedia

  • Divisions of the world in Islam — This article is part of the series …   Wikipedia

  • flag — flag1 flagger, n. flagless, adj. /flag/, n., v., flagged, flagging. n. 1. a piece of cloth, varying in size, shape, color, and design, usually attached at one edge to a staff or cord, and used as the symbol of a nation, state, or organization, as …   Universalium

  • Vexillology — is the scholarly study of flags. The word is a synthesis of the Latin word vexillum and the suffix – ology , meaning study of . The vexillum was a particular type of flag used by Roman legions during the classical era. Unlike most modern flags,… …   Wikipedia

  • Green in Islam — infobox color title= Green in Islam hex= 009900 r= 00|g= 153|b= 0 c=100|m=0|y=100|k=25 h=120|s= 90|v=60 source=VexillologicalGreen is considered the traditional color of Islam and is sacred to the faith.The color in this form is the shade of… …   Wikipedia

Share the article and excerpts

Direct link
Do a right-click on the link above
and select “Copy Link”