List of philosophers (I-Q)

Philosophers "(and others important in the history of philosophy)", listed alphabetically:

::"Note: This list has a minimal criteria for inclusion and the relevance to philosophy of some individuals on the list is disputed."

----List of philosophers: (A-C) --
(D-H) --
(I-Q) --
(R-Z)__NOTOC__----
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z

I

*Iamblichus, (ca. 245 AD-ca. 325)fn|Efn|R
*Yahya ibn Adi, (893-974)fn|R
*Ibn al-Arabi, (1164-1240)fn|Efn|R
*Ibn ar-Rawandi, (c. 910)fn|R
*Ibn Bajjah (or "Avempace"), (d. 1138)fn|Cfn|Efn|R
*Ibn Daud (or "Rabad I" or "Avendauth", or "John of Spain"), (1110-1180)fn|Cfn|Rfn|S
*Abraham ibn Ezra, (1092/3-1167)fn|Rfn|S
*Moses ibn Ezra, (1070-1138)fn|R
*Ibn Falaquera, (1223-1290)fn|Rfn|S
*Solomon Ibn Gabirol, (1021-1058)fn|Cfn|Efn|Ofn|R
*Ibn Hazm, (994-1069)fn|R
*Ibn Kammuna, (1215-1284)fn|Rfn|S
*Ibn Khaldun, (1332-1406)fn|Cfn|Efn|Ofn|R
*Ibn Masarra, (883-931)fn|R
*Ibn Miskawayh, (940-1030)fn|Cfn|R
*Bahya ibn Paquda, (1040-1110)fn|Efn|R
*Ibn Sabin, (1217-1268)fn|R
*Ibn Taymiya, (1263-1328)fn|R
*Samuel ibn Tibbon, (c. 1165-1232)fn|S
*Ibn Tufail, (1110-1185)fn|Cfn|Efn|R
*Joseph ibn Tzaddik, (c. 1149)fn|Efn|R
*Ivan Aleksandrovich Il'in, (1883-1954)fn|Cfn|Efn|R
*Evald Vassilievich Ilyenkov, (1924-1979)fn|R
*Immanuel the Roman (c. 1270-c. 1330)fn|R
*Roman Ingarden, (1893-1970)fn|Cfn|Efn|Ofn|Rfn|S
*William Ralph Inge, (1860-1954)fn|Efn|R
*José Ingenieros, (1877-1925)fn|E
*Nae Ionescu, (1890-1940)fn|E
*Muhammad Iqbal, (1877-1938)fn|Efn|Ofn|R
*Luce Irigaray, (born 1930)fn|Cfn|Efn|Ofn|R
*Terence Irwin, (born 1947)fn|O
*Isocrates, (436-338 BC)fn|C
*Isaac of Stella, (1105-1177)fn|Efn|R
*Isaac Israeli, (c. 850-950)fn|Efn|Rfn|S
*Ito Jinsai, (1627-1705)fn|Efn|R
*Vyacheslav Ivanovich Ivanov, (1866-1949)fn|E

J

*Frank Jackson, (born 1943)fn|O
*Friedrich Heinrich Jacobi, (1743-1819)fn|Cfn|Efn|Ofn|Rfn|S
*James of Viterbo, (1255-1308)fn|R
*Henry James Sr., (1811-1882)fn|E
*William James, (1842-1910)fn|Cfn|Efn|Ofn|Rfn|S
*Vladimir Jankélévitch, (1903-1985)fn|E
*Karl Jaspers, (1883-1969)fn|Cfn|Efn|Ofn|Rfn|S
*James Hopwood Jeans, (1877-1946)fn|E
*Thomas Jefferson, (1743-1826)fn|Efn|Ofn|R
*Richard C. Jeffrey, (1926-2002)fn|O
*William Stanley Jevons, (1835-1882)fn|Cfn|Efn|Ofn|S
*Rudolf von Jhering, (1818-1892)fn|R
*Jinul (or "Chinul"), (1158-1210)fn|Efn|R
*Joachim of Fiore, (1135-1201)fn|Cfn|Efn|R
*Friedrich Jodl, (1849-1914)fn|E
*John of Damascus, (c. 676-749)fn|Cfn|Efn|R
*John of Jandun, (1280-1328)fn|Efn|R
*John of La Rochelle, (1190-1245)fn|Efn|R
*John of Mirecourt, (c. 1345)fn|Efn|R
*John of Paris, (1260-1306)fn|Efn|R
*John of Salisbury, (c. 1115-1180)fn|Cfn|Efn|Rfn|S
*John of St. Thomas (or "Jean Poinsot"), (1589-1644)fn|Cfn|Efn|R
*John of the Cross, (1542-1591)fn|E
*Alexander Bryan Johnson, (1786-1867)fn|Efn|R
*Samuel Johnson, (1649-1703)fn|R
*Samuel Johnson, (1696-1772)fn|E
*Samuel Johnson, (1709-1784)fn|Efn|Ofn|R
*William Ernest Johnson, (1858-1931)fn|Cfn|O
*Jørgen Jørgensen, (1894-1969)fn|O
*Théodore Simon Jouffroy, (1796-1842)fn|E
*Judah ben Moses of Rome (or"Judah Romano"), (1292-1330)fn|R
*Carl Jung, (1875-1961)fn|Cfn|Efn|Ofn|R
*Ernst Jünger, (1895-1998)fn|E
*Joachim Jungius, (1587-1657)fn|Efn|R
*Justinian I, (483-565)fn|R
*Al-Juwayni, (1028-1085)fn|R

K

*Franz Kafka, (1883-1924)fn|E
*Kaibara Ekiken, (1630-1740)fn|Efn|R
*Kang Youwei, (1858-1927)fn|C
*Immanuel Kant, (1724-1804)fn|Cfn|Efn|Ofn|R
*Kao Tzu, (c. 420 BC)fn|C
*David Kaplan, (born 1933)fn|Efn|O
*Mordecai Kaplan, (1881-1983)fn|R
*Nikolai Ivanovich Kareev, (1850-1931)fn|E
*Lev Platonovich Karsavin, (1882-1952)fn|E
*Joseph Kaspi, (1279-1340) fn|S
*Walter Kaufmann, (1921-1980)fn|E
*Karl Kautsky, (1854-1938)fn|Efn|Ofn|R
*Kaydrup glek belsangbo (or "mKhas grub dge legs dpal bzang po" or "Khai-dub"), (1385-1438)fn|R
*Konstantin Kavelin (1818-1885)fn|E
*Bartholomew Keckermann, (1571-1609)fn|R
*Hans Kelsen, (1881-1973)fn|Efn|Ofn|R
*Norman Kemp Smith, (1872-1958)fn|R
*Anthony Kenny, (born 1931)fn|O
*Johannes Kepler, (1571-1630)fn|Cfn|Efn|R
*John Maynard Keynes, (1883-1946)fn|Cfn|Efn|Ofn|R
*Hermann Graf Keyserling, (1880-1946)fn|E
*Aleksey Khomyakov (1804-1860)fn|E
*Søren Kierkegaard, (1813-1855)fn|Cfn|Efn|Ofn|Rfn|S
*Richard Kilvington, (1302-1361)fn|Cfn|Efn|Rfn|S
*Robert Kilwardby, (1215-1279)fn|Cfn|Efn|R
*Jaegwon Kim, (born 1934)fn|Cfn|Efn|O
*Al-Kindi, (801-873)fn|Cfn|Efn|Ofn|Rfn|S
*Martin Luther King, Jr., (1929-1968)fn|E
*Ivan Kireevsky, (1806-1856)fn|E
*Patricia Kitcher, (born 1948)fn|E
*Ludwig Klages, (1872-1956)fn|E
*Heinrich von Kleist, (1777-1811)fn|Cfn|E
*William Calvant Kneale, (1906-1990)fn|O
*Martin Knutzen, (1713-1751)fn|Efn|R
*Ko Hung, (4th century)fn|C
*Kurt Koffa, (1886-1941)fn|E
*Wolfgang Köhler, (1887-1967)fn|Cfn|E
*Alexandre Kojève, (1902-1968)fn|R
*Alejandro Korn, (1860-1936)fn|Efn|O
*Tadeusz Kotarbiński, (1886-1981)fn|Cfn|Efn|Ofn|R
*Alexandre Koyre, (1892-1964)fn|R
*Aleksei Aleksandrovich Kozlov, (1831-1901)fn|E
*Karl Kraus, (1874-1936)fn|O
*Karl Christian Friedrich Krause, (1781-1832)fn|Cfn|Efn|R
*Georg Kreisel, (born 1923)fn|O
*Saul Kripke, (born 1940)fn|Cfn|Efn|Ofn|R
*Julia Kristeva, (born 1941)fn|Cfn|Efn|Ofn|R
*Nachman Krochmal, (1785-1840)fn|R
*Leopold Kronecker, (1823-1891)fn|R
*Peter Kropotkin, (1842-1921)fn|Cfn|Efn|Ofn|R
*Felix Krueger, (1874-1948)fn|E
*Thomas Samuel Kuhn, (1922-1996)fn|Cfn|Efn|Ofn|Rfn|S
*Kūkai, (774-835)fn|Ofn|Rfn|S
*Kuki Shūzō, (1888-1941)fn|R
*Oswald Külpe, (1862-1915)fn|E
*Kumazawa Banzan, (1619-1691)fn|Efn|R
*Kuo Hsiang (or "Guoxiang"), (c. 312)fn|C

L

*Ernst Laas, (1837-1885)fn|E
*Lucien Laberthonnière, (1860-1932)fn|E
*Antonio Labriola, (1843-1904)fn|Cfn|Efn|R
*Jean de La Bruyère, (1645-1696)fn|E
*Jacques Lacan, (1901-1981)fn|Cfn|Efn|Ofn|R
*Jules Lachelier, (1832-1918)fn|Efn|R
*Philippe Lacoue-Labarthe, (born 1940)fn|R
*Pierre Laffitte, (1823-1903)fn|C
*Louis de La Forge, (1632-1666)fn|Cfn|R
*Imre Lakatos, (1922-1974)fn|Efn|Ofn|R
*André Lalande, (1867-1964)fn|E
*Jean-Baptiste Lamarck, (1744-1829)fn|Efn|O
*Johann Heinrich Lambert, (1728-1777)fn|Cfn|Efn|R
*Hughes Felicité Robert de Lamennais, (1752-1854)fn|E
*Julien Offray de La Mettrie, (1709-1751)fn|Cfn|Efn|Ofn|R
*François de La Mothe Le Vayer, (1588-1672)fn|E
*Ludwig Landgrebe, (1902-1992)fn|E
*Friedrich Albert Lange, (1828-1875)fn|Cfn|Efn|Rfn|S
*Susanne Langer, (1895-1985)fn|Efn|Ofn|R
*Lao Zi (or "Lao Tzu"), (4th century BC)fn|Cfn|Efn|Ofn|S
*Isaac La Peyrère, (1596-1676)fn|Cfn|E
*Pierre-Simon Laplace, (1749-1827)fn|Cfn|Efn|O
*Ivan Ivanovich Lapshin, (1870-1952)fn|E
*François de La Rochefoucauld, (1613-1680)fn|E
*Pierre Laromiguière, (1756-1837)fn|E
*Abdullah Laroui, (born 1935)fn|E
*Ferdinand Lassalle, (1825-1864)fn|Efn|R
*Johann Kaspar Lavater, (1741-1801)fn|E
*Louis Lavelle, (1883-1951)fn|E
*Antoine Lavoisier, (1743-1794)fn|E
*Peter Lavrovitch Lavrov, (1823-1900)fn|Efn|R
*William Law, (1686-1761)fn|Efn|R
*Jean Le Clerc, (1657-1737)fn|Efn|R
*Michèle Le Dœuff, (born 1948)fn|Ofn|R
*Henri Lefebvre, (1901-1991)fn|R
*Antoine Le Grand, (1629-1699)fn|Rfn|S
*Keith Lehrer, (born 1936)fn|Efn|O
*Gottfried Leibniz, (1646-1716)fn|Cfn|Efn|Ofn|Rfn|S
*Yeshayahu Leibowitz, (1903-1994)fn|R
*Vladimir Lenin, (1870-1924)fn|Cfn|Efn|Ofn|R
*Leonardo da Vinci, (1452-1519)fn|E
*Konstantin Nikolaevich Leont'ev, (1831-1891)fn|Efn|R
*Giacomo Leopardi, (1798-1837)fn|E
*Jules Lequier, (1814-1862)fn|Cfn|E
*Pierre Leroux, (1798-1871)fn|C
*Edouard Louis Emmanuel Julien Le Roy, (1870-1954)fn|Efn|R
*René Le Senne, (1882-1954)fn|E
*Stanisław Leśniewski, (1886-1939)fn|Cfn|Efn|Ofn|Rfn|S
*Gotthold Ephraim Lessing, (1729-1781)fn|Cfn|Efn|Ofn|R
*Leucippus, (5th century BC)fn|Cfn|Efn|Ofn|Rfn|S
*Emmanuel Levinas, (1906-1995)fn|Cfn|Efn|Ofn|Rfn|S
*Claude Lévi-Strauss, (born 1908)fn|Ofn|R
*Lucien Lévy-Bruhl, (1857-1939)fn|Efn|O
*Kurt Lewin, (1890-1947)fn|C
*Clarence Irving Lewis, (1883-1964)fn|Cfn|Efn|Ofn|Rfn|S
*C. S. Lewis, (1898-1963)fn|Cfn|Efn|R
*David Kellogg Lewis, (1941-2001)fn|Cfn|Efn|Ofn|R
*Li Ao, (722-841)fn|Cfn|E
*Liang Qichao (or "Liang Ch'i-ch'ao"), (1873-1929)fn|C
*Liang Sou-ming, (1893-1988)fn|C
*Georg Christoph Lichtenberg, (1742-1799)fn|Efn|Ofn|R
*Arthur Liebert, (1878-1946)fn|E
*Otto Liebmann, (1840-1912)fn|E
*Liezi (or "Lieh Tzu"), (c. 440 BC-c. 360 BC)fn|C
*Linji (or "Lin Chi"), (c. 810-867)fn|R
*Carolus Linnaeus, (1707-1778)fn|R
*Theodor Lipps, (1851-1914)fn|E
*Justus Lipsius, (1547-1606)fn|Efn|Rfn|S
*Émile Littré, (1801-1881)fn|E
*Liu Shaoqi (or"Liu Shao-ch'i"), (1898-1969)fn|C
*Liu Tsung-chou (or "Ch'i-shan"), (1578-1645)fn|C
*Genevieve Lloyd, (born 1941)fn|E
*Karl Nickerson Llywelyn, (1893-1962)fn|R
*Ramon Llull, (1235-1315)fn|Cfn|Efn|R
*John Locke, (1632-1704)fn|Cfn|Efn|Ofn|Rfn|S
*Alfred Loisy, (1857-1940)fn|Efn|R
*Peter Lombard, (c. 1100-1160)fn|Cfn|R
*Bernard Lonergan, (1904-1984)fn|R
*Pseudo-Longinus, (1st century)fn|Cfn|E
*Lev Mikhailovich Lopatin, (1855-1920)fn|E
*Paul Lorenzen, (1915-1995)fn|R
*Aleksei Fedorovich Losev, (1893-1988)fn|Efn|R
*Nicholas Onufrievich Lossky, (1870-1965)fn|Efn|R
*Yuri Lotman, (1922-1993)fn|E
*Rudolf Hermann Lotze, (1817-1881)fn|Cfn|Efn|Ofn|Rfn|S
*Arthur O. Lovejoy, (1873-1962)fn|Efn|O
*John R. Lucas, (born 1929)fn|O
*Lucian, (c. 120-c. 180)fn|Efn|R
*Lucretius, (c. 99-55 BC)fn|Cfn|Efn|Ofn|Rfn|S
*Lu Jiuyuan (or "Lu Xiangshan", or "Lu Chiu-yuan", or "Tzu-ching", or "Ts'un-chai"), (1139-1193)fn|Cfn|Efn|R
*Georg Lukács, (1885-1971)fn|Cfn|Efn|Ofn|R
*Jan Łukasiewicz, (1878-1956)fn|Cfn|Efn|Ofn|R
*Anatoliy Lunacharskiy, (1875-1933)fn|E
*Martin Luther, (1483-1546)fn|Cfn|Efn|Ofn|R
*Rosa Luxemburg, (1871-1919)fn|R
*William G. Lycan, (born 1945)fn|O
*Jean-François Lyotard, (1924-1998)fn|Cfn|Efn|Ofn|R

M

*Ernst Mach, (1838-1916)fn|Cfn|Efn|Ofn|R
*Niccolò Machiavelli, (1469-1527)fn|Cfn|Efn|Ofn|Rfn|S
*Alasdair MacIntyre, (born 1929)fn|Cfn|Efn|Ofn|R
*John Leslie Mackie, (1917-1981)fn|Efn|O
*John Macmurray, (1891-1976)
*Ambrosius Theodosius Macrobius, (fl. c. 400)
*Madhava, (d. 1386)fn|R
*Shri Madhvacharya, (1238-1317)fn|Cfn|Ofn|R
*Mahavira, (599-527 BC)fn|Cfn|R
*Benoît de Maillet, (1656-1738)fn|E
*Salomon Maimon (or "Salomon ben Joshua"), (1753-1800)fn|Cfn|Efn|Rfn|S
*Abraham ben Moses Maimonides (or "Abraham ben Maimon"), (1186-1237)fn|R
*Maimonides (or "Rambam"), (1135-1204)fn|Cfn|Efn|Ofn|Rfn|S
*Maine de Biran, (1766-1824)fn|Efn|Ofn|R
*John Major (or "John Mair"), (1467-1550)fn|Efn|Ofn|R
*Norman Malcolm, (1911-1990)fn|Cfn|Efn|O
*Nicolas Malebranche, (1638-1715)fn|Cfn|Efn|Ofn|Rfn|S
*Ernst Mally, (1879-1944)fn|S
*André Malraux, (1901-1976)fn|E
*Thomas Malthus, (1766-1834)fn|E
*Merab Mamardashvili, (1930-1990)fn|Efn|R
*Bernard de Mandeville, (1670-1733)fn|Efn|R
*Mani, (3rd century)fn|E
*Karl Mannheim, (1893-1947)fn|Cfn|Efn|O
*Henry Longueville Mansel, (1820-1871)fn|Cfn|E
*Mao Zedong (or "Mao Tse-tung"), (1893-1976)fn|C
*Gabriel Marcel, (1887-1973)fn|Cfn|Efn|Ofn|Rfn|S
*Marcion, (110-160)fn|E
*Ruth Barcan Marcus, (born 1921)fn|Cfn|Efn|O
*Herbert Marcuse, (born 1898-1979)fn|Cfn|Ofn|R
*Joseph Maréchal, (1878-1944)fn|E
*Juan de Mariana, (1536-1624)fn|Cfn|E
*Julián Marías, (1914-2005)fn|E
*Jacques Maritain, (1882-1973)fn|Cfn|Efn|Ofn|Rfn|S
*Gaius Marius Victorinus, (4th century)fn|R
*Svetozar Marković, (1846-1875)fn|E
*Marsilius of Inghen, (1330-1396)fn|Cfn|Efn|Rfn|S
*Marsilius of Padua (or "Marsiglio" or "Marsilio dei Mainardine"), (1270-1342)fn|Cfn|Efn|Ofn|R
*Roger Marston, (1235-1303)fn|Efn|R
*Charles B. Martin, (born 1924)fn|O
*Harriet Martineau, (1802-1876)fn|R
*James Martineau, (1805-1900)fn|Cfn|Efn|O
*Piero Martinetti, (1872-1943)fn|E
*Anton Marty, (1847-1914)fn|E
*Marko Marulić, (1450-1524)fn|E
*Karl Marx, (1818-1883)fn|Cfn|Efn|Ofn|Rfn|S
*Tomáš Masaryk, (1850-1937)fn|Efn|Ofn|R
*Damaris Cudworth Masham, (1659-1708)fn|Cfn|Rfn|S
*Cotton Mather, (1663-1728)fn|E
*Matthew of Aquasparta, (1238-1302)fn|Efn|R
*Pierre Louis Maupertuis, (1698-1759)fn|E
*Fritz Mauthner, (1849-1923)fn|R
*James Clerk Maxwell, (1831-1879)fn|Cfn|Efn|R
*James McCosh, (1811-1894)fn|Cfn|E
*William McDougall, (1871-1938)fn|Cfn|E
*John McDowell, (born 1942)fn|Efn|O
*Evander Bradley McGilvary, (1864-1953)fn|E
*Colin McGinn, (born 1950)fn|O
*John Ellis McTaggart, (1866-1925)fn|Cfn|Efn|Ofn|R
*George Herbert Mead, (1863-1931)fn|Cfn|Efn|Ofn|Rfn|S
*Bartolomeo Medina, (1527-1580)fn|C
*Georg Friedrich Meier, (1718-1777)fn|E
*Friedrich Meinecke, (1862-1954)fn|Efn|R
*Alexius Meinong, (1853-1920)fn|Cfn|Efn|Ofn|R
*Philipp Melanchthon, (1497-1560)fn|Efn|R
*Melissus of Samos, (late 5th century BC)fn|Cfn|Efn|Ofn|R
*D. Hugh Mellor, (born 1938)fn|O
*Menasseh Ben Israel, (1604-1657)fn|E
*Mencius (or "Meng K'o" or "Meng-tzu" or "Mengzi"), (372-289 BC)fn|Cfn|Efn|Ofn|Rfn|S
*Gregor Mendel, (1822-1884)fn|C
*Moses Mendelssohn, (1729-1786)fn|Cfn|Efn|Ofn|Rfn|S
*Désiré-Joseph Mercier, (1851-1926)fn|Cfn|E
*Maurice Merleau-Ponty, (1908-1961)fn|Cfn|Efn|Ofn|Rfn|S
*Marin Mersenne, (1588-1648)fn|Cfn|Efn|R
*Jean Meslier, (1664-1729)fn|E
*Judah Messer Leon, (c. 1425-c. 1495)fn|R
*Emile Meyerson, (1859-1933)fn|Efn|Ofn|R
*Conyers Middleton, (1683-1750)fn|E
*Nikolai Konstantinovich Mikhailovskii, (1842-1904)fn|Efn|R
*Miki Kiyoshi, (1897-1945)fn|Efn|R
*Mikyo Dorje (or "Mi bskyod rdo rje"), (1507-1554)fn|R
*Gaston Milhaud, (1858-1918)fn|E
*James Mill, (1773-1836)fn|Cfn|Efn|Ofn|Rfn|S
*John Stuart Mill, (1806-1873)fn|Cfn|Efn|Ofn|Rfn|S
*John Millar, (1735-1801)fn|R
*Dickinson Miller, (1868-1963)fn|E
*Ruth Millikan, (born 1933)fn|Efn|O
*John Milton, (1608-1674)fn|E
*Minagawa Kien, (1734-1807)fn|E
*Muhammad Baqir Mir Damad (or "Sayyid al-Afadil" or "Ishraq" or "Ibn al-Damad"), (d. 1631)fn|R
*Miura Baien, (1723-1789)fn|E
*Jacob Moleschott, (1822-1893)fn|E
*Luis de Molina, (1535-1600)fn|Cfn|Efn|Ofn|R
*Enrique Molina Garmendia, (1871-1962)fn|E
*Lord Monboddo (or "James Burnett"), (1714-1799)fn|R
*Richard Montague, (1930-1971)fn|Efn|R
*William Pepperell Montague, (1873-1953)fn|E
*Michel de Montaigne, (1533-1592)fn|Cfn|Efn|Ofn|Rfn|S
*Baron de Montesquieu (1689-1755)fn|Cfn|Efn|Rfn|S
*Edmund Montgomery, (1835-1911)fn|E
*G. E. Moore, (1873-1958)fn|Cfn|Efn|Ofn|Rfn|S
*Henry More, (1614-1687)fn|Cfn|Efn|Rfn|S
*Thomas More, (1478-1535)fn|Cfn|E
*C. Lloyd Morgan, (1852-1936)fn|E
*Lewis H. Morgan, (1818-1881)fn|E
*Thomas Morgan, (Died 1743)fn|E
*Karl Philipp Moritz, (1756-1793)fn|E
*Gaetano Mosca, (1858-1941)fn|Cfn|E
*Motoori Norinaga, (1730-1801)fn|R
*Emmanuel Mounier, (1905-1950)fn|E
*Mou Tsung-san, (1909-1995)fn|C
*Mozi (or "Mo Tzu", or "Mo Ti", or "Micius"), (c. 470-c. 390 BC)fn|Cfn|Efn|R
*David Ibn Merwan Al-Mukammas (or "Daud Ibn Marwan al-Muqammas" or "David ha-Bavli"), (d. 937)fn|Efn|R
*Mulla Sadra, (1571-1640)fn|Ofn|Efn|R
*Iris Murdoch, (1919-1999)fn|Efn|O
*Muro Kyuso, (1658-1734)fn|E
*Arthur Edward Murphy, (1901-1962)fn|E
*Musonius Rufus, (1st century)fn|Efn|R

N

*Arne Næss, (born 1912)fn|Ofn|R
*Nagarjuna, (ca. 200 CE)fn|Cfn|Efn|Ofn|R
*Ernest Nagel, (1901-1985)fn|Cfn|Efn|Ofn|R
*Thomas Nagel, (born 1937)fn|Cfn|Efn|Ofn|R
*Nahmanides, (1194-1270)fn|R
*Jacques-Adré Naigeon, (1738-1810)fn|E
*Toju Nakae, (1608-1648)fn|E
*Jean-Luc Nancy, (born 1940)fn|R
*Hossein Nasr, (born 1933)fn|E
*Paul Gerhard Natorp, (1854-1924)fn|Efn|S
*Alexander Neckham, (1157-1217)fn|R
*Leonard Nelson, (1882-1927)fn|E
*Nemesius of Emesa, (fl. c. 400)fn|Cfn|Efn|R
*John von Neumann, (1903-1957)fn|Cfn|Efn|Ofn|R
*Otto Neurath, (1882-1945)fn|Efn|Ofn|R
*John Henry Newman, (1801-1890)fn|Cfn|Efn|R
*Isaac Newton, (1642-1727)fn|Cfn|Efn|Ofn|Rfn|S
*Nichiren, (1222-1282)fn|R
*Nicholas of Autrecourt, (c. 1300-1369)fn|Cfn|Efn|Ofn|Rfn|S
*Nicholas of Cusa, (1401-1464)fn|Cfn|Efn|Ofn|R
*Christian Friedrich Nicolai, (1733-1811)fn|E
*Pierre Nicole, (1625-1695)fn|E
*H. Richard Niebuhr, (1894-1962)fn|R
*Reinhold Niebuhr, (1892-1971)fn|Efn|R
*Friedrich Nietzsche, (1844-1900)fn|Cfn|Efn|Ofn|Rfn|S
*Agostino Nifo, (1470-1538)fn|R
*Nishi Amane, (1829-1897)fn|Efn|R
*Nishida Kitaro, (1870-1945)fn|Efn|Ofn|Rfn|S
*Nishitani Keiji, (1900-1990)fn|Ofn|R
*Kwame Nkrumah, (1909-1972)fn|O
*John Norris, (1657-1711)fn|Efn|Rfn|S
*Novalis, (1772-1801)fn|Cfn|E
*Robert Nozick, (1938-2001)fn|Cfn|Efn|Ofn|R
*Numenius of Apamea, (2nd century)fn|Cfn|Efn|R
*Martha Nussbaum, (born 1947)fn|Cfn|Efn|O
*Anders Nygren, (1890-1978)fn|R

O

*Michael Oakeshott, (1901-1990)fn|Cfn|Efn|Ofn|R
*William of Ockham, (ca. 1285-1349)fn|Cfn|Efn|Ofn|Rfn|S
*Ogyū Sorai, (1666-1728)fn|Efn|R
*Lorenz Oken, (1779-1851)fn|Efn|R
*Karl Olivecrona, (1897-1980)fn|R
*Peter Olivi, (1248-1298)fn|Cfn|Efn|Rfn|S
*Olympiodorus the Younger, (495-570)fn|S
*John Wood Oman, (1860-1939)fn|Efn|R
*Bernard van Ommeren, (born 1959,-)
*Onora O'Neill, (born 1941)fn|O
*Nicole Oresme, (1320-1382)fn|Efn|R
*Origen of Alexandria, (c. 182-c. 251)fn|Cfn|Efn|R
*Isaac Orobio de Castro, (1617-1687)fn|E
*José Ortega y Gasset, (1883-1955)fn|Cfn|Efn|Ofn|R
*Wilhelm Ostwald, (1853-1932)fn|E
*James Oswald, (1703-1793)fn|R
*Rudolf Otto, (1869-1937)fn|Efn|R
*Richard Overton, (d. circa 1665)fn|R
*Gwilyn Ellis Lane Owen, (1922-1982)fn|Efn|Ofn|R

P

*Thomas Paine, (1737-1809)fn|Cfn|Ofn|R
*William Paley, (1743-1805)fn|Cfn|R
*Panaetius, (c. 185-c. 110 BC)fn|R
*David Papineau, (born 1947)fn|O
*Paracelsus, (1493-1541)fn|Cfn|R
*Vilfredo Pareto, (1848-1923)
*Derek Parfit, (born 1942)fn|Cfn|O
*Parmenides, (5th century BC)fn|Cfn|Ofn|R
*Adam Parvipontanus, (d. 1181)
*Blaise Pascal, (1623-1662)fn|Cfn|R
*John Arthur Passmore, (1914-2004)fn|R
*Patañjali, (2nd century BC)fn|R
*Jan Patočka, (1907-1977)fn|R
*Francesco Patrizi da Cherso (or "Franciscus Patritius") (1529-1597)fn|Rfn|S
*Paul of Venice, (1369-1429)fn|Cfn|Rfn|S
*Christopher Peacocke, (born 1950)fn|O
*Giuseppe Peano, (1858-1932)fn|O
*David Pearce
*David Pears, (born 1921)fn|O
*John Peckham, (d. 1292)fn|R
*Leonard Peikoff, (born 1933)
*Benjamin Peirce, (1809-1880)fn|S
*Charles Sanders Peirce, (1839-1914)fn|Cfn|Ofn|Rfn|S
*Pelagius, (c. 360-c. 435)fn|O
*Jean-Jacques Pelletier, (born 1947)
*William Penbygull, (died 1420)fn|S
*Thomas Percival, (1740-1804)fn|C
*Ralph Barton Perry, (1876-1957)fn|Cfn|O
*Peter of Auvergne, (13th century)fn|R
*Peter of Spain (or "Pope John XXI"), (13th century)fn|Cfn|Ofn|Rfn|S
*Peter the Iberian, (411-491)
*Richard Stanley Peters, (born 1919)fn|O
*Petrarch, (1304-1374)fn|Ofn|R
*Leon Petrazycki, (1867-1931)fn|R
*Joane Petrizi fn|S*
*Pherecydes of Syros, (6th century BC)
*Philip the Chancellor, (1160-1236)fn|Rfn|S
*Philo Judaeus of Alexandria, (20 BC-40 AD)fn|Cfn|Ofn|R
*Philo of Larissa, (1st century BC)fn|Rfn|S*
*Philo the Dialectician, (c. 300 BC)fn|Ofn|R
*Philodemus of Gadara, (1st century BC)fn|Rfn|S*
*Philolaus of Croton, (c. 480-c. 405 BC)fn|Cfn|Rfn|S
*Joannes Philoponus, (early 6th century)fn|Cfn|Ofn|Rfn|S
*Philostratus
*Jean Piaget, (1896-1980)fn|Cfn|R
*Giovanni Piana
*Giovanni Pico della Mirandola, (1463-1494)fn|Cfn|Ofn|Rfn|S*
* Massimo Pigliucci, (1964-)
*Issac de Pinto, (1715-1787)
*Robert Pirsig, (born 1928)
*Max Planck, (1858-1947)fn|Ofn|R
*Alvin Plantinga, (born 1932)fn|Cfn|O
*Plato, (c. 427 BC-c. 347 BC)fn|Cfn|Ofn|Rfn|S
*Georgi Plekhanov, (1856-1918)fn|Cfn|Ofn|R
*George Gemistos Plethon, (c. 1355-1452)
*Plotinus, (died 270)fn|Cfn|Ofn|Rfn|S
*Plutarch of Athens, (5th century BC)
*Mestrius Plutarch of Chaeronia, (c. 45-c. 120)fn|R
*Konstantin Pobedonostsev, (1827-1907)
*Henri Poincaré, (1854-1912)fn|Cfn|Ofn|R
*Michael Polanyi, (1891-1976)fn|R
*Isaac Polgar fn|S*
*Polyaenus of Lampsacus, (died 278 BC)
*Pietro Pomponazzi, (1462-1525)fn|Cfn|Ofn|Rfn|S
*Richard Popkin
*K. J. Popma, (1903-1986)
*Karl Popper, (1902-1994)fn|Cfn|Ofn|Rfn|S
*Porphyry, (c. 232-c. 304)fn|Cfn|Ofn|Rfn|S
*Posidonius, (c. 135-51 BC)fn|R
*Emil Leon Post, (1897-1954)fn|R
*Robert Joseph Pothier, (1699-1772)fn|R
*Roscoe Pound, (1870-1964)fn|R
*Karl von Prantl
*Dag Prawitz, (born 1936)
*Henry Habberley Price, (1899-1984)fn|O
*Richard Price, (1723-1791)fn|Cfn|Ofn|R
*Harold Arthur Prichard, (1871-1947)fn|Cfn|Ofn|R
*Robert Priddy, (born 1936)
*Joseph Priestley, (1733-1804)fn|Cfn|Ofn|R
*Arthur Prior, (1914-1969)fn|Rfn|S
*Proclus, (412-487)fn|Ofn|R
*Prodicus, (c. 450-399 BC)fn|R
*Harry Prosch
*Protagoras, (c. 481-420 BC)fn|Ofn|R
*Pierre-Joseph Proudhon, (1809-1865)fn|Cfn|Ofn|R
*Michael Psellus, (11th century)
*Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite, (5th century)fn|Rfn|S
*Pseudo-Grosseteste, (13th century)fn|R
*Ptolemy, (c. 85-c. 165)fn|R
*Samuel Pufendorf, (1632-1694)fn|Cfn|R
*Hilary Putnam, (born 1926)fn|Cfn|Ofn|R
*Pyrrho, (c. 360-c. 270)fn|Cfn|Ofn|Rfn|S
*Pythagoras, (582 BC-496 BC)fn|Cfn|Ofn|Rfn|S

Q

*W. V. O. Quine, (1908-2000)fn|Cfn|Ofn|Rfn|S*
*Anthony Quinton, (born 1925)fn|O

----List of philosophers (A-C) --
(D-H) --
(I-Q) --
(R-Z)

Notes

* - For more information about this person's contribution to philosophy, see his/her entry in "The Cambridge Dictionary of Philosophy, (Second Edition)". Cambridge University Press; 1999. ISBN 0-521-63722-8
* - For more information about this person's contribution to philosophy, see his/her entry in the "Encyclopedia of Philosophy" (Second Edition). Martin Gale; 2006. ISBN 0-02-865780-2
* - For more information about this person's contribution to philosophy, see his/her entry in "The Oxford Companion to Philosophy". Oxford University Press; 1995. ISBN 0-19-866132-0
* - For more information about this person's contribution to philosophy, see his/her entry in the "Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy". Routledge; 1998. ISBN 978-0415073103
* - This person is featured in the peer-reviewed online "Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy". Subjects with an asterisk have an article solicited about them, but not yet published at the encyclopedia (as of 2-22-2006).