Oakes Ames

For his grandson, an orchid specialist, see Oakes Ames (botanist).

Oakes Ames
Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Massachusetts's 2nd district
In office March 4, 1863 – March 3, 1873
Preceded by	James Buffinton
Succeeded by	Benjamin W. Harris
Personal details
Born	January 10, 1804(1804-01-10) Easton, Massachusetts, U.S.
Died	May 8, 1873(1873-05-08) (aged 69) Easton, Massachusetts, U.S.
Political party	Republican
Spouse(s)	Evelina Orville Gilmore Ames
Profession	Politician, Manufacturer

Oakes Ames

Oakes Ames (January 10, 1804 – May 8, 1873) was an American manufacturer, capitalist, and member of the United States House of Representatives from Massachusetts. As a congressman, he is credited by many historians as being the single most important influence in the building of the Union Pacific portion of the transcontinental railroad. He is also noted for the subsequent scandal that alleged the improper sale of stock of the railroad's construction company.

Biography

Ames was born in Easton, Massachusetts, the son of Oliver Ames, Sr., a blacksmith who had built a business of making shovels and became nicknamed "King of Spades".^[1] In his youth, he obtained a public school education and later worked in the family workshops to learn each step of the manufacturing process. He eventually became a partner in the business, and with his brother Oliver Ames, Jr. he established the firm Oliver Ames & Sons. Driven by the settlement of the Midwest, by the discovery of gold in California and Australia, as well as by railroad construction, the shovel manufacturing business boomed. During the Civil War, the firm prospered with contracts for swords, shovels, etc.^[2] Ames made a large fortune.

He was influential in the establishment of Republican Party in Massachusetts. In 1860, he became a member of the executive council of Massachusetts, and from 1863 to 1873 he served as a U.S. Congressman from the 2nd District of Massachusetts. In Congress, he became a member of the committee on railroads during the early building of the transcontinental railroad. In 1865, President Lincoln appealed to him to take control of the Union Pacific portion of the project, which had become mired down because of the Civil War and had built only twelve miles of track.

Through his influence he obtained contracts for his family firm in the construction of the Union Pacific and staked nearly all the family's holdings as capitalization for the project. The contracts were later transferred to the Credit Mobilier Company of America after Ames ousted its founder Thomas Durant^{[disambiguation needed ]}. His brother Oliver Ames, Jr. was appointed president of the Union Pacific in 1866. The railroad was completed in 1869. See Golden spike

In 1872, it was disclosed Ames sold shares in Credit Mobilier to fellow congressmen at a price greatly below the market value of the stock. The subsequent public scandal led to a House investigation, which formally recommended expulsion. On February 28, 1873, the House passed a resolution formally censuring Ames "in seeking to secure congressional attention to the affairs of a corporation in which he was interested, and whose interest directly depended upon the legislation of Congress, by inducing members of Congress to invest in the stocks of said corporation." Detractors referred to him as "Hoax Ames."^[3] Ames died soon afterward at North Easton, Massachusetts.

On May 10, 1883, the 14th anniversary of the completion of the railroad, the state legislature of Massachusetts passed a resolution exonerating Ames.^[2] His son Oliver Ames was lieutenant-governor and governor of Massachusetts.

Honors

The contributions of Ames and his brother Oliver in the building of the Union Pacific are commemorated in the Oliver and Oakes Ames Monument at Sherman Summit, near Laramie, Wyoming, along the original route. The pyramidal monument was designed by famous architect Henry Hobson Richardson (who designed a number of projects for the Ames family) with sculpted plaques of the Ames brothers by Augustus Saint-Gaudens. At the time of its construction, the monument was located at the highest point attained by the Union Pacific's transcontinental route. With a change in the route of the railroad, the monument today is not on any major transportation route.

The city of Ames, Iowa is named for Oakes, as is likely the community of Ames, Nebraska. The public high school in North Easton, Massachusetts is named Oliver Ames High School.

See also

• Oakes Ames Memorial Hall
• Ames Free Library
• Ames Shovel Shop

References

• Oakes Ames: A Memoir, (Cambridge, 1884)

1. ^ Modern Marvels episode "Construction Machines" originally aired February 22, 2001.
2. ^ ^{a b}  "Ames, Oakes". Encyclopedia Americana. 1920. 
3. ^ Ames brothers celebrate "Golden Spike"

External links

• Oakes Ames at the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress
• Oakes Ames Oakes Ames's work on orchids (by Oakes Ames, grandson of the Oakes Ames featured in this Wikipedia article).
• National Park Service site on Oliver and Oakes Ames
• Oliver and Oakes Ames Monument in Wyoming
• Harvard University papers of Oakes Ames
• Iowa State University Oakes Ames photographs
• PBS the Credit Mobilier Scandal
• Spencer Marks The Ames Family of North Easton, Massachusetts
• Historic Unity Church Ames Family Tree
•  "Ames, Oakes". Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography. 1900. 

United States House of Representatives
Preceded by James Buffinton	Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Massachusetts's 2nd congressional district March 4, 1863 – March 3, 1873	Succeeded by Benjamin W. Harris

Persondata
Name	Ames, Oakes
Alternative names
Short description
Date of birth	January 10, 1804
Place of birth	Easton, Massachusetts, U.S.
Date of death	May 8, 1873
Place of death	Easton, Massachusetts, U.S.