…First Do No Harm

Infobox Film
name = ...First Do No Harm


director = Jim Abrahams
producer = Jim Abrahams
writer = Ann Beckett
distributor = Walt Disney Video
starring = Meryl Streep
Fred Ward
Seth Adkins
Allison Janney
Margo Martindale
Oni Faida Lampley
Leo Burmester
Tom Butler
Mairon Bennett
Michael Yarmush
Millicent Kelly
Diana Belshaw | released = flagicon|United States 16 February, 1997
runtime = 94 min.
language = English
music = Hummie Mann
amg_id = 1:205822
imdb_id = 0118526
cinematography = Pierre Letarte
editing = Terry Stokes|

"...First Do No Harm" is a 1997 television film, directed by Jim Abrahams, about a boy whose severe epilepsy, unresponsive to medications with terrible side-effects, is controlled by the ketogenic diet. Aspects of the story mirror Abrahams' own experience with his son Charlie.

Plot

The film tells a story in the life of a Midwestern family, the Reimullers. Lori (played by Meryl Streep) is the mother of three children and the wife of Dave (Fred Ward), a truck driver. The family are presented as happy, normal and comfortable financially: they have just bought a horse and are planning a holiday to Hawaii. Then the youngest son, Robbie (Seth Adkins), has a sudden unexplained fall at school. A short while later, he has another unprovoked fall while playing with his brother, and is seen having a convulsive seizure. Robbie is taken to hospital where a number of procedures are performed: a CT scan, a lumbar puncture, an electroencephalogram (EEG) and blood tests. No cause is found but the two falls are regarded as epileptic seizures and the child diagnosed with epilepsy.

Robbie is started on phenobarbital, an old anticonvulsant drug with well known side effects including cognitive impairment and behaviour problems. The latter cause the child to run berserk through the house, leading to injury. Lori urgently phones the physician to request a change of medication. It is changed to phenytoin (Dilantin) but the dose of phenobarbital must be tapered slowly, causing frustration. Later, the drug carbamazepine (Tegretol) is added.

Meanwhile, the Reimullers discover that their health insurance is invalid and their treatment is transferred from private to county hospital. In an attempt to pay the medical bills, Dave takes on more dangerous truck loads and works long hours. Family tensions reach a head when the children realise the holiday is not going to happen and a foreclosure notice is posted on the house.

Robbie's epilepsy gets worse and he develops a serious rash known as Stevens-Johnson syndrome as a side-effect of the medication. He is admitted to hospital where his padded cot is designed to prevent him escaping. The parents fear he may become a "vegetable" and are losing hope. At one point, Robbie goes into status epilepticus (a continuous convulsive seizure that must be stopped as a medical emergency). Increasing doses of diazepam (Valium) are given intravenously to no effect. Eventually, paraldehyde is given rectally. This drug is described has having possibly fatal side-effects and is seen dramatically melting a plastic cup (a glass syringe is required).

The neurologist in charge of Robbie's care, Dr. Melanie Abbasac (Allison Janney), has poor bedside manner and paints a bleak picture. Abbasac wants the Reimullers to consider surgery and start the necessary investigative procedures to see if this is an option. These involve removing the top of the skull and inserting electrodes on the surface of the brain to achieve a more accurate location of any seizure focus than normal scalp EEG electrodes. The Reimullers see surgery as a dangerous last resort and want to know if anything else can be done.

Lori begins to research epilepsy at the library. After many hours, she comes across the ketogenic diet in a well-regarded textbook on epilepsy. However, their doctor dismisses the diet as having only anecdotal evidence of its effectiveness. After initially refusing to consider the diet, she appears to relent but sets impossible hurdles in the way: the Reimullers must find a way to transport their son to Johns Hopkins Hospital in Baltimore, Maryland with continual medical support—something they cannot afford.

That evening, Lori attempts to abduct her son from the hospital and, despite the risk, fly with him to an appointment she has made with Dr Freeman at Johns Hopkins. However, she is stopped by hospital security at the exit to the hospital. A sympathetic nurse warns Lori that she could lose custody of her son if a court decides she is putting her son's health at risk.

Dave makes contact with an old family friend who once practised as a physician and is still licensed. This doctor and the sympathetic nurse agree to accompany Lori and Robbie on the trip to Baltimore. During the flight, Robbie has a prolonged convulsive seizure, which causes some concern to the pilot and crew.

When they arrive at Johns Hopkins, it becomes apparent that Lori has deceived her friends as her appointment (for the previous week) was not rescheduled and there are no places on the ketogenic diet programme. After much pleading, Dr Freeman agrees to take Robbie on as an outpatient. Lori and Robbie stay at a convent in Baltimore.

The diet is briefly explained by Millicent Kelly (played by herself) a dietitian who has helped run the ketogenic diet programme since the 1940s. Robbie's seizures begin to improve during the initial fast that is used to kick-start the diet. Despite the very high-fat nature of the diet, Robbie accepts the food and rapidly improves. His seizures are eliminated and his mental faculties are restored. The film ends with Robbie riding the family horse at a parade through town. Closing credits claim Robbie continued the diet for a couple of years and has remained seizure- and drug-free ever since.

Background

The director and producer, Jim Abrahams, was inspired to make the film as a result of his own experiences with his son Charlie. Charlie developed a very serious seizure condition that proved intractable despite several medications and surgery. His cognitive decline was described by Abrahams as "a fate worse than death". He came across the diet in a book on childhood epilepsy by Dr John Freeman, director of the Pediatric Epilepsy Center at Johns Hopkins Hospital. Charlie was started on the diet and rapidly became seizure free. In addition, medications were tapered and his mental development restored. Abrahams was outraged that nobody had informed him of the diet. He created the Charlie Foundation to promote the diet and funded research studies to demonstrate its effectiveness.

Although the film plot has parallels with the Abrahams' story, the character of Robbie is a composite one and the family circumstances are fictional. Several minor characters in the film are played by people who have been on the ketogenic diet and had their epilepsy "cured" as a result. The dietitian Millicent Kelly plays herself. Charlie Abrahams appears as a young boy playing with Robbie in the hospital, whose mother quickly removes him when she discovers Robbie has epilepsy—as though it were an infectious disease.

Commenting on the film, Dr John Freeman said "The movie was based on a true story and we see this story often, but not everyone is cured by the diet and not everyone goes home to ride in a parade." He later noted that the film had "fueled a grass-roots effort for more research on the diet."

The ketogenic diet was developed by Russel Wilder at the Mayo Clinic in 1921. The diet aims to reproduce some of the metabolic changes seen during fasting, which had been shown to be effective in treating epilepsy but obviously not sustainable. Although initially popular in all age groups, the diet was largely replaced by effective anticonvulsant medications beginning with phenytoin in 1938. It remained a treatment of last resort in children with intractable seizures. Since the film was produced, the diet has seen a dramatic revival with numerous published research studies and it is now in use at 75 epilepsy centres in 45 countries.

The film was first aired on CityTV and ABC for public viewing on 16 February 1997. It is available on DVD from retailers and directly from the Charlie Foundation. Meryl Streep's performance was nominated for an Emmy, a Golden Globe and in the Satellite Awards in the category Best Actress in a TV Film. Writer Ann Beckett was nominated for the Humanitas Prize (90 minute category). Seth Adkins won a Young Artist Award for his performance as Robbie.

References

*cite web
url = http://www.charliefoundation.org/noframes/whoweare/essay.php
title = Things I Wish They Had Told Us: A Parent's Perspective on Childhood Epilepsy
accessdate = 2008-03-30
author =Jim Abrahams
year = 2003
publisher = The Charlie Foundation
*cite journal
url = http://www.hopkinsneuro.org/epilepsy/research.cfm?research=A_Talk_with_John_Freeman.htm
title = Talk with John Freeman: Tending the Flame
accessdate = 2008-03-30
volume = 16
issue = 2
year = 2003
author = John Freeman
journal = Brainwaves
*cite news
title = Movie First Do No Harm Boosts Popularity of Diet for Epileptic Children
date = 2000-07-06
author =Denise Mann
publisher = WebMD Medical News
*cite web
url = http://www.epilepsyontario.org/client/EO/EOWeb.nsf/web/First+Do+No+Harm+(Movie)
title = ...first do no harm
author = Venita Jay
accessdate = 2008-03-30
year = 1997
month = April
publisher = Epilepsy Ontario 'Sharing' News
*cite news
url = http://www.charliefoundation.org/frames/resources/articles/usatoday.php
title = Recognizing a 'miracle' The high-fat ketogenic diet can ease seizures in epileptic children
author = Kathleen Fackelmann
accessdate = 2008-03-30
date = 1999-01-12
publisher = USA Today
*cite journal
author = Freeman JM, Kossoff EH, Hartman AL
url = http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/cgi/content/full/119/3/535
title = The ketogenic diet: one decade later
journal = Pediatrics
year = 2007
month = March
volume = 119
issue = 3
pages = 535–43
pmid = 17332207
doi = 10.1542/peds.2006-2447

External links

* [http://www.charliefoundation.org/frames/index.php The Charlie Foundation.] A US charity and information resource, set up by Jim Abrahams.