Wikipedia

Martin Heinrich Klaproth

Infobox Scientist
name = PAGENAME
box_width =


image_size =150px
caption = PAGENAME
birth_date =1 December 1743
birth_place = Wernigerode
death_date = 1 January 1817
death_place =
residence = |citizenship =
nationality = German
ethnicity =
field = chemistry
work_institutions =
alma_mater =
doctoral_advisor =
doctoral_students =
known_for =
author_abbrev_bot =|author_abbrev_zoo =
influences =
influenced =
prizes =
religion = |footnotes = |

Martin Heinrich Klaproth (1 December 1743 – 1 January 1817) was a German chemist.

Klaproth was born in Wernigerode. During a large portion of his life he followed the profession of an apothecary. After acting as assistant in pharmacies at Quedlinburg, Hanover, Berlin and Danzig successively he came to Berlin on the death of Valentin Rose the Elder in 1771 as manager of his business, and in 1780 he started an establishment on his own account in the same city, where from 1782 he was pharmaceutical assessor of the Ober-Collegium Medicum. In 1787 he was appointed lecturer in chemistry to the Prussian Royal Artillery, and when the university was founded in 1810 he was selected to be the professor of chemistry. He died in Berlin on New Year's Day in 1817. Klaproth was the leading chemist of his time in Germany.

An exact and conscientious worker, he did much to improve and systematize the processes of analytical chemistry and mineralogy, and his appreciation of the value of quantitative methods led him to become one of the earliest adherents of the Lavoisierian doctrines outside France. Klaproth found the element titanium in the ore rutile in 1791, believing it to be a new discovery, however, William Gregor is credited with the discovery of titanium, having found the metal in a different ore, (ilmenite), before Klaproth, although in the same year. He was the first to discover uranium and zirconium, and to characterize them as distinct elements, though he did not obtain any of them in the pure metallic state; and he elucidated the composition of numerous substances till then imperfectly known, including compounds of the then newly recognized elements: tellurium, strontium, cerium and chromium.

His papers, over 200 in number, were collected by himself in "Beiträge zur chemischen Kenntnis der Mineralkörper" (5 vols., 1795-1810) and "Chemische Abhandlungen gemischten Inhalts" (1815). He also published a "Chemisches Wörterbuch" (1807-1810), and edited a revised edition of F. A. C. Gren’s "Handbuch der Chemie" (1806).

Klaproth crater, on the Moon, is named after him.

His son Julius was a famous orientalist.----

References


*"Initial text from a Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition. Please update as needed."
*cite journal
quotes = yes
last=Hoppe
first=G
authorlink=
coauthors=Damaschun F, Wappler G
year=1987|month=Apr.
title= [An appreciation of Martin Heinrich Klaproth as a mineral chemist]
journal=Pharmazie
volume=42
issue=4
pages=266-7
publisher= |location = GERMANY, EAST| issn = 0031-7144| pmid = 3303064
bibcode = | oclc =| id = | url = | language = | format = | accessdate = | laysummary = | laysource = | laydate = | quote =
*cite journal
quotes = yes
last=Sepke
first=H
authorlink=
coauthors=Sepke I
year=1986|month=Aug.
title= [The history of physiologic chemistry in the first years of its existence at the Berlin University. Contributions of the chemist M. H. Klaproth and others]
journal=Zeitschrift für die gesamte Hygiene und ihre Grenzgebiete
volume=32
issue=8
pages=504-6
publisher= |location = GERMANY, EAST| issn = 0049-8610| pmid = 3535265
bibcode = | oclc =| id = | url = | language = | format = | accessdate = | laysummary = | laysource = | laydate = | quote =
*cite journal
quotes = yes
last=Rocchietta
first=S
authorlink=
year=1967|month=Feb.
title= [The pharmacist Martin Klaproth (1743-1817), pioneer of modern analytical chemistry, discoverer of uranium. On the 150th anniversary of his death]
journal=Minerva Med.
volume=58
issue=13
pages=varia:229
publisher= |location = ITALY| issn = 0026-4806| pmid = 5336711
bibcode = | oclc =| id = | url = | language = | format = | accessdate = | laysummary = | laysource = | laydate = | quote =
*cite journal
quotes = yes
last=DANN
first=G E
authorlink=
year=1958|month=Jul.
title= [Scheele & Klaproth; a comparison.]
journal=Svensk farmaceutisk tidskrift
volume=62
issue=19-20
pages=433-7
publisher= |location = Not Available| issn = 0039-6524| pmid = 13580811
bibcode = | oclc =| id = | url = | language = | format = | accessdate = | laysummary = | laysource = | laydate = | quote =
*cite journal
quotes = yes
last=DANN
first=G E
authorlink=
year=1953|month=Sep.
title= [Contribution of Martin Heinrich Klaproth to the development of chemistry.]
journal=Pharmazie
volume=8
issue=9
pages=771-9
publisher= |location = Not Available| issn = 0031-7144| pmid = 13120350
bibcode = | oclc =| id = | url = | language = | format = | accessdate = | laysummary = | laysource = | laydate = | quote =

External links

* [http://bibliothek.bbaw.de/kataloge/literaturnachweise/klaproth/literatur.pdf Publication list of Klaproth]

Persondata
NAME=Klaproth, Martin Heinrich
ALTERNATIVE NAMES=
SHORT DESCRIPTION=German chemist
DATE OF BIRTH=December 1 1743
PLACE OF BIRTH=Wernigerode
DATE OF DEATH=January 1 1817
PLACE OF DEATH=Berlin


  • Martin Heinrich Klaproth — Marti Heirich Klaproth Marti Heirich Klaproth ( 1. Dezember 1743 i Werigerode; † 1. Jauar 1817 i Berli) war ei deutscher Chemiker. Klaproth etdeckte die Elemete Ura, Zircoium, Tita (Wiederetdeckug), Cer ud Tellur (erste… (Deutsch Wikipedia)
  • Martin Heinrich Klaproth — Marti Heirich Klaproth Portrait de Marti Heirich Klaproth Marti Heirich Klaproth était u chimiste allemad é le 1er décembre 1743 à Werigerode, et mort le 1er javier 1817 à Berli. Sommaire 1 Biographie2 E Miéralogie3… (Français Wikipedia)