Westland Wasp

Westland Wasp

infobox Aircraft
name = Wasp
type = Helicopter
manufacturer = Westland




caption = Westland Wasp HAS.1 G-CBUI as XT420 in markings of 829 NAS, HQ Flt at RNAS Yeovilton in September 2005
designer =
first flight = 28 October, 1962
introduced = 1963
retired = 2000 (Royal Malaysian Navy)
status =
primary user = Fleet Air Arm
more users = Royal New Zealand Navy Dutch Naval Aviation Royal Malaysian Navy
produced =
number built = 125
unit cost =
developed from = Westland Scout
variants with their own articles =

The Westland Wasp was a British small first-generation, gas-turbine powered, shipboard anti-submarine helicopter. It came from the same P.531 program as the British Army Westland Scout and was based on the earlier piston-engined Saro Skeeter. It fulfilled the "MAnned Torpedo-Carrying Helicopter" (MATCH) requirement of the Royal Navy for a helicopter small enough to land on the deck of a frigate and carry a useful load of two homing torpedoes.

Design and development

The MATCH system came about because of the increasing speed and attack range of the submarine threat, and the increased range at which this threat could be detected. Contemporary shipboard weapons did not have the necessary range, therefore MATCH was in essence a stand-off weapon with the helicopter carrying the torpedo or other weapon to the target and being instructed when and where to drop it. Unlike the larger Wessex, the Wasp carried no sonar of it own, and was limited strictly to working in partnership with its parent ship, other ships or other ASW units.

The first flight of the prototype P.531 model took place on 28 October 1962. The prototype differed in having a fixed, wheel-less 'pogo-stick' undercarriage. Full production soon commenced, 98 in total being procured for the RN. The Wasp successfully exported to Brazil, The Netherlands, Indonesia, Malaysia, New Zealand and South Africa. 125 aircraft were built in total.

Wasp was essentially a marinised Scout, indeed it was originally to be called the "Sea Scout", and differed mainly in design details. It had a unique 4-wheeled castering undercarriage that allowed the aircraft to be manoeuvered on small, pitching flightdecks. The Wasp had the ability of 'negative pitch' from the rotor-blades which enabled the aircraft to 'adhere' to the deck until the lashings were attached. Additional fuel tankage was installed in the cabin doors and the tail and main rotor blades were foldable to allow stowage in the small hangars fitted to the first generation helicopter-carrying escorts. It was fitted with a winch above the starboard rear door, and also had the capacity to carry under-slung loads from the semi automatic cargo release unit mounted under the fuselage. With the capacity to seat 3 passengers Wasp was useful for short-range transport missions, and for casualty evacuation with room for one stretcher fitted across the rear cabin area.

Later modifications included the ability to carry the Sud SS.11 wire-guided missile, with the fitting of an observer's sight in the cabin roof and the installation of large inflatable emergency floats in sponsons on either side of the cabin to prevent capsizing of the top-heavy aircraft in the event of ditching. The SS.11 had limited abilities to target small surface targets such as patrol boats or shore positions and this was later replaced by the AS.12.

Operational history

Royal Navy

The Wasp HAS.Mk 1 was introduced to service in the "small ships" role in 1964, after an intensive period of trials by 700(W) IFTU between June 1963 and March 1964. It served in this primary role with 829 Naval Air Squadron, but also in training units to supply crews for the front line with 706 NAS between 1965 and 1967 and in 703 NAS between 1972 and 1981. Single airframes also served for light liaison duties in the Commando Assault squadrons, 845 NAS and 848 NAS until 1973. Although effective as a submarine killer, it was best deployed paired with a Wessex HAS.3 submarine hunter. In the late 1970s, the Westland Lynx gradually started to replace the Wasp.

On 25 April 1982 the Argentinian submarine "Santa Fe" was spotted by a Wessex HAS Mk 3 helicopter from HMS Antrim. The Wessex then attacked it with depth charges. HMS Plymouth launched a Westland Wasp HAS.Mk.1 helicopter, and HMS Brilliant launched a Westland Lynx HAS Mk 2. The Lynx attacked the submarine with a MK 46 torpedo, and also strafed it with its pintle-mounted GPMG; the Wessex also fired on the Santa Fe with its GPMG. The Wasp from HMS Plymouth as well as two other Wasps launched from HMS Endurance fired AS.12 antiship missiles at the submarine, scoring hits. Santa Fe was damaged badly enough to prevent her from submerging. The crew abandoned the submarine at the jetty at King Edward Point on South Georgia and surrendered to the British forces, thus becoming the first casualty of the sea war, as well as the first direct engagement by the Royal Navy Task Force.

The last Wasp was finally withdrawn from service in 1988 when the last of the Type 12 Rothesay class frigates was decommissioned.

Royal Malaysian Navy

The Wasp came into service with the Royal Malaysian Navy quite late, compared to the others nations who procured the aircraft. She joined the RMN on 11 May 1990. The Wasp had a relatively short career with that Navy, being phased out just ten years later when they were replaced by the Eurocopter Fennec.

Royal New Zealand Navy

The first four of an eventual nineteen Kiwi Wasps were purchased in 1966 being immediately assigned to the new Leander class frigate of the Royal New Zealand Navy (RNZN), HMNZS "Waikato". They provided numerous tasks, as well as taking part in the Armilla Patrol in the Persian Gulf during the 1980s. The Wasps were flown by RNZN pilots but maintained by ground crews of No. 3 Squadron RNZAF.

In 1997, four Wasps performed a flypast, marking the arrival of the new ANZAC-class frigate, HMNZS "Te Kaha".

The Wasp served 32 years with the RNZN, retiring in 1998, the same year HMNZS "Waikato", which first operationally deployed the Wasp in New Zealand, was herself decommissioned. They were replaced by the SH-2 Seasprite.

RNZN Wasps are preserved in the Royal New Zealand Air Force Museum in Christchurch and the Museum of Transport and Technology in Auckland. A number were sold into private ownership, at least one of which continues to fly.

Royal Netherlands Navy

With the Royal Netherlands Navy beginning in the late 1960s, after the fire onboard the Karel Doorman, NATO anti-submarine commitments were taken over by a squadron of Westland Wasp helicopters, operated from six Van Speijk class anti-submarine frigates. The Westland Lynx replaced the AH-12A Wasp.

Other operators

The Wasp was also in service with the Brazilian, Indonesian, and South African navies. The Indonesian aircraft are all former Dutch aircraft and were the last of the type in active service.

Variants

;P.531:Prototype.;Sea Scout HAS.1:The Sea Scout HAS.1 was the original Royal Navy designation for the Wasp.;Wasp HAS.1:Shipboard anti-submarine warfare helicopter for the Royal Navy.

Operators

;BRA
*Brazilian Navy;IDN
*Indonesian Navy;MYS
*Royal Malaysian Navy;NLD
*Dutch Naval Aviation;NZL
*Royal New Zealand Navy
**No. 3 Squadron RNZAF.;flag|South Africa|1928
*South African Navy;UK
*Fleet Air Arm
**700(W) IFTU
**703 Naval Air Squadron
**706 Naval Air Squadron
**829 Naval Air Squadron
**845 Naval Air Squadron
**848 Naval Air Squadron

pecifications (Wasp HAS.1)

aircraft specifications

plane or copter?=copter
jet or prop?=prop
crew=One pilot, one Aircrewman
capacity=up to four passengers
length main=40 ft 4 in
length alt=12.29 m
span main=32 ft 3 in
span alt=9.83 m
height main=8 ft 11 in
height alt=2.72 m
area main=816 ft²
area alt=76 m²
empty weight main=3,452 lb
empty weight alt=1,566 kg
loaded weight main=lb
loaded weight alt= kg
max takeoff weight main=5,500 lb
max takeoff weight alt=2,495 kg
engine (prop)=Rolls-Royce Nimbus 103
type of prop= turboshaft
number of props=1
power main=1,050 shp
power alt=783 kW

max speed main=120 mph
max speed alt=193 km/h
range main=303 miles
range alt=488 km
ceiling main=ft
ceiling alt= m
climb rate main=ft/min
climb rate alt= m/s
loading main= 6.75 lb/ft²
loading alt= 33 kg/m²
power/mass main= 0.19 hp/lb
power/mass alt= 0.31 kW/kg
armament=*Naval: 2 x Mk 44 / 46 torpedoes "or" 2 x Mk 44 depth charges "or" WE.177 600lb Nuclear Depth Bomb.
*Attack: 4 x SS-11 "replaced by" 2 x AS.12 missiles.
*General: GPMG, 4.5 Flares, Smoke/flame floats.

ee also

aircontent
related=
* Westland Scout

similar aircraft=
* Kamov Ka-15
* Aérospatiale Alouette II
* Aérospatiale Alouette III

lists=

see also=

External links

* [http://www.helis.com/database/go/westland_wasp.php Helicopter History site] section on the Wasp.For more information on the role of Rating Aircrewmen in the Royal Navy visit http://www.aircrewman.org.uk


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