Thucydides (politician)

Thucydides ( _el. Θουκυδίδης) was a prominent politician of ancient Athens and the leader for a number of years of the powerful conservative faction.

Thucydides, the son of Melesias, was born in the ancient deme of Alopecê (Αλωπεκή) of Athens. The exact year of his birth is unknown, but his family was noble and he was a relative of Cimon, the charismatic general and leader of the conservative party. After Cimon's death, he succeeded him in the leadership of the conservatives and decided to exert a vehement opposition against Pericles, who was leading Athens, at the time.

Donald Kagan has identified Thucydides' party with the views expressed by the writer known as "pseudo-Xenophon" or "the Old Oligarch" in his "Constitution of the Athenians," which some scholars believe to have been authored by Thucydides himself. [Kagan, "The Outbreak of the Peloponnesian War", 138] Kagan believes that Thucydides' ultimate goal, which he could not state openly as doing so would alienate the pro-democratic majority, was to roll back the constitutional changes made by Ephialtes, reinstituting the more aristocratic and conservative government that had prevailed in Cimon's day. [Kagan, "The Outbreak of the Peloponnesian War", 136]

Thucydides' political strength reached its peak in the wake of the First Peloponnesian War and the reorganization of the Athenian empire in the early 440s BC. Thucydides developed a new and effective political tactic by having his supporters sit together in the assembly, increasing their apparent strength and giving them a united voice. [Plutarch, Pericles ] Kagan asserts that this tactic helped Thucydides mount a concerted opposition to Pericles which brought to light ideological differences among Pericles' supporters. [Kagan, The Outbreak of the Peloponnesian War, 138]

In 444 BC, the conservative and the democratic parties confronted each other in a fierce battle. Though some modern scholars doubt [e.g., A. Andrewes, "The Opposition to Pericles", "Journal of Hellenic Studies" 98 (1978): "These chapters of Plutarch ["Pericles" 11-12, 14] seem to me false to the feeling of mid-century Athens about the empire...; they are no good guide to the character or policy of Thoukydides" (p. 5).] the details of Plutarch's account, according to Plutarch, Thucydides, the new leader of the conservatives, accused Pericles, the leader of the democrats, of profligacy, criticizing the way Pericles spent the money for his ambitious building plan. Thucydides managed to incite the passions of the Athenian Assembly in his favor, but when Pericles took the floor, the atmosphere immediately changed. Pericles proposed to pay for all the construction from his own purse, under the term that all these monuments would belong to him and not to Athens. The public applauded his stance and Thucydides suffered an unexpected defeat from the charismatic orator [Plutarch, [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0182&query=chapter%3D%23159&layout=&loc=Per.%2013.1/ Pericles, XIV] ] . As a result of his failure in confronting Pericles, Thucydides was ostracized for ten years, in 442 BC, and Pericles once again stood unchallenged in the Athenian political arena. Plutarch relates [Plutarch, [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0182&query=chapter%3D%23159&layout=&loc=Per.%2013.1/ Pericles, XIV] ] that, when Thucydides was asked by Sparta's king, Archidamus II, if he or Pericles was a better fighter, Thucydides answered without any hesitation that Pericles was a better fighter, because, even when he is defeated, he achieves to convince the audience that he won! [Encyclopedia "The Helios" (in Greek)]

After being ostracized, Thucydides is said to have travelled to Sybaris, a city of Magna Graecia on the Gulf of Taranto in Italy, or Aegina, but this is unconfirmed [Encyclopedia "21st Century", Volume 18, "Thucydides" (in Greek)] .

While in Athens, Thucydides is also said to have accused Pericles' personal friend, Anaxagoras, of atheism and sympathy for the Persians. [Diogenes Laertius, "Lives of Eminent Philosophers" II, 12]

ee also

*Pericles

References

*Diogenes Laertius, "Lives of Eminent Philosophers"
*Encyclopedia "21st Century", Volume 18, "Thucydides" (in Greek)
*Encyclopedia "The Helios" (in Greek)
*Kagan, Donald. "The Outbreak of the Peloponnesian War" (Cornell, 1969). ISBN 0-8014-9556-3
*

Footnotes