Esquimalt, British Columbia

Infobox Settlement
official_name = City of Esquimalt
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settlement_type = City
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image_caption = View of Esquimalt from the Highrock Cairn


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map_caption = Location of Esquimalt in British Columbia


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subdivision_type = Country
subdivision_name = CAN
subdivision_type1 = Province
subdivision_name1 = BC
subdivision_type2 = Region
subdivision_name2 = Vancouver Island
subdivision_type3 = Regional district
subdivision_name3 = Capital Regional District
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established_title2 = Incorporated
established_date2 = 1912
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area_total_km2 = 7.04
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population_as_of = 2006
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population_total = 16,840
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timezone = PST
utc_offset = −8
timezone_DST = PDT
utc_offset_DST = −7
latd= 48|latm= 25|lats= 50|latNS=N
longd= 123|longm= 24|longs= 53|longEW=W
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elevation_m = 10
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blank_name = Highways
blank_info = 1A
blank1_name = Waterways
blank1_info = Strait of Juan de Fuca
website = [http://www.esquimalt.ca/ District of Esquimalt]
footnotes = The City of Esquimalt (pronEng|ɨsˈkwaɪmɔlt) is a municipality at the southern tip of Vancouver Island, in British Columbia, Canada. It is bordered to the east by the provincial capital, Victoria, to the south by the Strait of Juan de Fuca, to the west by Esquimalt Harbour, to the northwest by the New Songhees IR No. 1A Indian reserve and the town of View Royal, and to the north by a narrow inlet of water called the Gorge, across which is the district municipality of Saanich. It is part of Greater Victoria & the Capital Regional District.

Esquimalt had a population of 16,127 in 2001. It covers 7.04 square kilometres. It is home to the Pacific fleet of the Canadian Forces, and forms part of the Capital Regional District.

History of Esquimalt

The region now known as Esquimalt was settled by First Nations people approximately 400 years before the arrival of Europeans . The treaties of the Hudson's Bay Company, signed in 1843, refer to these people as the Kosampsom group, though they are now known as the Esquimalt Nation. The word Esquimalt is a transliteration of "Ess-whoy-malth," a phrase usually translated as "place of the shoaling waters." The Songhees people (then called Songish), who now have a reserve in Esquimalt, were originally located on the western shore of what is now Victoria Harbour, but were relocated in 1911. Both nations spoke a North Straits Salish dialect called Lekwungen (which is also an alternate name for the Songhees).

The first Europeans to reach Esquimalt were the Spanish expedition of Manuel Quimper in the "Princesa Real" in 1790, with Gonzalo López de Haro and Juan Carrasco as pilots. Quimper entered and carefully mapped Esquimalt Harbour, which his first mate named Puerto de Córdova after the 46th viceroy of New Spain. Quimper claimed the region for Spain and placed a wooden cross on a hill. When the Spanish returned later that summer the cross had vanished. Control of the region eventually fell to the British.

In 1843, the Hudson's Bay Company was looking for a new location for its western base of operations. The company's chief factor, Sir James Douglas, liked Esquimalt Harbour, but rejected it as a site for a fort because there were too many trees there. Douglas chose a spot on the western shore of Victoria Harbour at the mouth of the Gorge Inlet. He called it Fort Camosun, after the Lekwungen name for the Gorge, "Camossung",Fact|date=July 2008 but later renamed it Fort Victoria in honour of the British queen.

However, ships continued to use Esquimalt Harbour to load and offload passengers and supplies. In 1852, sailors from a British naval ship, HMS "Thetis", built a trail through the forest linking the harbour with Victoria Harbour and the fort. This trail, since paved over, is now one of Esquimalt's main streets, Old Esquimalt Road.

Meanwhile, the Hudson's Bay Company decided to try its hand at farming. Douglas leased all of Vancouver Island for seven shillings a year from Great Britain, and had a division of the HBC, the Puget Sound Agricultural Company, come in to develop the land. The Viewfield farm was the first in 1850, with the Constance Cove farm and Craigflower farms added later. The Craigflower farmhouse still exists as a heritage site, as does the Craigflower schoolhouse built to serve the settlers' children. Thomas Mackenzie, the bailiff in charge of the farm, named it for the ancestral home of one of his superiors, in an attempt at flattery. By the mid-1860s, the farms were considered failures and abandoned, and the property sold off in small parcels.

In 1855, the navy constructed three hospital buildings on the harbour to treat casualties of the Crimean War. A small settlement grew up on the water's edge near the naval installation. But in 1858, the discovery of gold on the Fraser River triggered a massive influx of people, who came to Fort Victoria to buy permits and supplies before setting out for the mainland. Many of these ships landed in Esquimalt Harbour. Some of these people stayed in the area, including a few who opened up pubs, as well as some less-than-successful gold miners. With the growing population came the area's first building boom. In 1865, the British Royal Navy relocated the headquarters of its Pacific fleet from Valparaíso, Chile, to the Esquimalt Harbour. In 1887, a military base was located at Work Point. In 1905, the Royal Navy abandoned the area, but the Pacific base of the new Royal Canadian Navy replaced it in 1910. Gradually, naval life and shipbuilding came to dominate the region's sense of identity. In 1887, the Esquimalt and Nanaimo Railway was built through the centre of town.

On September 1, 1912, Esquimalt was incorporated as a city. After World War I, it became one of Canada's major shipbuilding capitals.

Neighbourhoods of Esquimalt

("See: [http://www.esquimalt.ca/bus_development/documents/Map2_Neighbourhoods.pdf Neighbourhood Map of Esquimalt] ")

* Craigflower
* Colville Road
* Gorge Vale
* Esquimalt Village
* Parklands
* Panhandle
* Rockheights
* Saxe Point
* West Bay
* Work Point (DND)

Although the neighbourhood of Victoria (Vic) West is located on the Esquimalt Peninsula, it is part of the City of Victoria. [ [http://www.esquimalt.ca/Main/townmap.htm Township Map] ]

Education

Residents are zoned to schools in the Greater Victoria School District.

Canadian Forces Base Esquimalt

Canadian Forces Base Esquimalt (CFB Esquimalt) is home to Maritime Forces Pacific (MARPAC) of the Canadian Forces' (CF) Maritime Command (MARCOM). The base facility dates back to the fur trade era, before the founding of the Island Colony in 1849. The docks were first opened for servicing the Royal Navy in 1842 and were expanded in the wake of the disastrous Siege of Petropavlovsk during the Crimean War as the Esquimalt Royal Navy Dockyard. Currently, the base is home to the ships of MARPAC which are:
*HALIFAX CLASS FRIGATE
**HMCS Vancouver (FFH 331)
**HMCS Regina (FFH 334)
**HMCS Calgary (FFH 335)
**HMCS Winnipeg (FFH 338)
**HMCS Ottawa (FFH 341)
*IROQUOIS CLASS DESTROYER
**HMCS Algonquin (DDH 283)
*KINGSTON CLASS COAST DEFENCE VESSEL
**HMCS Nanaimo (MM 702)
**HMCS Edmonton (MM 703)
**HMCS Whitehorse (MM 705)
**HMCS Yellowknife (MM 706)
**HMCS Saskatoon (MM 709)
**HMCS Brandon (MM 710)
*VICTORIA CLASS PATROL SUBMARINES
**HMCS Victoria (SSK 876)
*PROTECTEUR CLASS AUXILIARY OIL REPLENISHMENT
**HMCS Protecteur (AOR 509)
*FLEET SAIL TRAINING VESSEL
**HMCS Oriole (YAC 3)
*AUXILIARY VESSELS
**CFAV Firebrand (YTR 562), fireboat
**CFAV Lawrenceville (YTL 590), tugboat
**CFAV Parksville (YTL 591), tugboat
**CFAV Glendyne (YTB 640), tugboat
**CFAV Glendale (YTB 641), tugboat
*ORCA CLASS PATROL CRAFT TRAINING
**Orca (PCT 55)
**Raven (PCT 56) The base is currently home to several naval facilities:
*HMCS Naden
*Fleet Maintenance Facility-Cape Brenton (FMF-CB)
*Fire Fighting and Damage Control School
*Naval Officer Training Centre Venture (NOTC Venture)
*Regional Cadet Support Unit (Pacific)(RCSU(Pac)CFB Esquimalt operates its own ferry service and provides intra-base transportation for personnel on base. A newspaper is also published by the base and is called "The Lookout"

Approximately 35km from the main base is the Albert Head Training Area. The area is used by Regular Force and Primary Reserve units for field training. The area is also used by cadets for their field training and also is home for the Albert Head Air Cadet Summer Training Centre. Albert Head Air Cadet Summer Training Centre is used by the Royal Canadian Air Cadets for their summer training program during the summer from July to August. The training area is also home to the Regional Cadet Instructor School (Pacific) and trains Cadet Instructors Cadre (CIC) officers who deliver the cadet program.

References

* [http://www12.statcan.ca/english/Profil01/CP01/Details/Page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=5917040&Geo2=PR&Code2=59&Data=Count&SearchText=Esquimalt&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=59&B1=All&Custom= Community Profile: Esquimalt District Municipality, British Columbia; Statistics Canada]

External links

* [http://www.esquimalt.ca/ Corporation of the Township of Esquimalt]
* [http://www.songheesnation.com/ Songhees Nation]
* [http://content.lib.washington.edu/cdm4/item_viewer.php?CISOROOT=/alaskawcanada&CISOPTR=2154&CISOBOX=1&REC=10 Photo of Esquimalt Harbour, 1894, U.Wash Digital Collections]