Froghopper

Froghopper
Froghopper
Prosapia bicincta
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Hemiptera
Suborder: Auchenorrhyncha
Infraorder: Cicadomorpha
Superfamily: Cercopoidea
Leach, 1815
Families

The froghoppers, or the superfamily Cercopoidea, are a group of Hemipteran insects, in the suborder Auchenorrhyncha. Traditionally, most of this superfamily was considered a single family, Cercopidae, but this family has been split into three separate families for many years now: the Aphrophoridae, Cercopidae, and Clastopteridae. More recently, the family Epipygidae has been removed from the Aphrophoridae. These families are best known for the nymph stage, which produces a cover of frothed-up plant sap resembling spit; the nymphs are therefore commonly known as spittlebugs, or spit bugs, and their froth as cuckoo spit, frog spit or snake spit. The final family in the group, Machaerotidae, is known as the tube spittlebugs because the nymphs live in calcareous tubes, rather than producing froth as in the other families.

Nymphal form of spittlebug encased in foam for protection and moisture

The froth serves a number of purposes. It hides the nymph from the view of predators and parasites, it insulates against heat and cold, thus providing thermal control and also moisture control. Without the froth the bug would quickly dry up. The nymphs pierce plants and suck sap causing damage, and much of the excess filtered fluids go into the production of the froth, which has an acrid taste, deterring predators. A few species are serious agricultural pests.

Adult froghoppers jump from plant to plant; some species can jump up to 70 cm vertically: a more impressive performance relative to body weight than fleas. The Frog Hopper can accelerate at 4,000 m/s2 over 2mm as it jumps (experiencing over 400 gs of acceleration).[citation needed] Spittlebugs can jump 100 times their length. Many species resemble leafhoppers, but can be distinguished by the possession of only a few stout spines on the hind tibia, where leafhoppers have a series of small spines. Members of the family Machaerotidae greatly resemble treehoppers, due to a large thoracic spine, but the spine in machaerotids is an enlargement of the scutellum, where treehoppers have the pronotum enlarged. Members of the family Clastopteridae have their wings modified to form false heads at the tail end, an anti-predator adaptation. Many adult Cercopidae can bleed reflexively from their tarsi, and the hemolymph appears to be distasteful; they are often aposematically colored (see photos).

External links


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Synonyms:
, , , (Aphrophora spumaria)


Look at other dictionaries:

  • froghopper — [frôg′häp΄ər] n. SPITTLEBUG …   English World dictionary

  • froghopper — /frog hop euhr, frawg /, n. any of numerous leaping, homopterous insects of the family Cercopidae, which in the immature stages live in a spittlelike secretion on plants. Also called spittle insect, spittlebug. [1705 15; FROG1 + HOPPER] * * * ▪… …   Universalium

  • froghopper — noun Date: 1711 spittlebug …   New Collegiate Dictionary

  • froghopper — noun Any of various small insects of the family Cercopidae that feed on plant sap and whose larvae produce cuckoo spit. Syn: spittlebug, spitbug …   Wiktionary

  • froghopper — leaping and spitting insect Unusual Animals …   Phrontistery dictionary

  • froghopper — noun a jumping, plant sucking bug, the larva of which produces cuckoo spit. [Family Cercopidae: many species.] …   English new terms dictionary

  • froghopper — n. Frog fly, froth fly, froth insect, froth worm (Aphrophora spumaria) …   New dictionary of synonyms

  • froghopper — frog•hop•per [[t]ˈfrɒgˌhɒp ər, ˈfrɔg [/t]] n. ent any of several leaping homopterous insects of the family Cercopidae, which as a larva is surrounded by a frothy mass • Etymology: 1705–15 …   From formal English to slang

  • froghopper — /ˈfrɒghɒpə/ (say froghopuh) noun any of various small, leaping, homopterous insects, family Cercopidae, whose young live in a spittle like secretion on plants; spittle insect; cuckoo spit …  

  • froghopper — n. any jumping insect of the family Cercopidae, sucking sap and as larvae producing a protective mass of froth (see cuckoo spit) …   Useful english dictionary

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