- Wansdyke (earthwork)
Wansdyke (from "Woden's Dyke") is an early medieval series of defensive linear earthworks in the
West Country ofEngland , consisting of a ditch and a running embankment from the ditch spoil. It runs fromMaes Knoll in historicSomerset , ahillfort close toNorton Malreward in theChew Valley south ofBristol , to theSavernake Forest nearMarlborough inWiltshire . There is also some evidence that it extended west from Maes Knoll to the coast of theSevern Estuary but this is uncertain.Usage & Dating
The Wansdyke consists of three sections 14, 22 and 19
km long with gaps between. East Wandsdyke inWiltshire , on the south of theMarlborough Downs , has been less disturbed by later agriculture and building and remains more clearly traceable on the ground than the western part. Here the bank is up to 4m high with a ditch up to 2.5m deep. There is noarchaeological evidence to date the Western Wandsdyke, but it may have marked a division between British Celtic kingdoms or have been a boundary with the Saxons. The evidence for its western extension is its mention in a charter and a road name. Wandsdyke's origins are unclear, but archaeological data shows that the eastern part was probably built during the 5th or6th century . That is after the withdrawal of the Romans and before the takeover byAnglo-Saxons . The ditch is on the north side, so presumably it was used by theCelts as a defence against Saxons encroaching from the upperThames valley westward into what is now theWest Country .The area of the western Wandsdyke became the border between the
Romano-British Celt s and the West Saxons following theBattle of Deorham in577 AD"The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle", [http://britannia.com/history/docs/501-97.html 501-97 AD] . ] . According to theAnglo-Saxon Chronicle , the Saxon Cenwalh achieved a breakthrough against the British Celtic tribes, with victories atBradford-on-Avon (in the "Avon Gap" in the Wansdyke) in 652 AD"The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle", [http://britannia.com/history/docs/645-56.html 645-56 AD] .] , and further south at theBattle of Peonnum (atPenselwood ) in 658 AD"The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle", [http://britannia.com/history/docs/658-75.html 658-75 AD] .] , followed by an advance west through thePolden Hills to theRiver Parrett ."The Victoria History of the County of Somerset", Vol 1 (1906)] .Nomenclature
When the Saxons came upon the dyke, they named it after their god
Woden , hence it became 'Woden's Dyke' and, eventually, Wandsdyke. It may be compared to bothOffa's Dyke (later, and forming aMercian border withWales ) andHadrian's Wall (earlier and forming a border withScotland ) as one of the largest defensive earthworks in theUnited Kingdom .Nennius , an8th century Welshmonk who had access to olderchronicle s since lost, describes these defences and their purpose, and links them to the legends ofKing Arthur . [cite web|url=http://www.wansdyke21.org.uk/wansdyke/wanart/gardner1.htm|title=The Wansdyke Diktat? - A Discussion Paper|last=Gardner|first=Keith S|work=Wansdyke Project 21|accessdate=2008-07-01]Modern use of name
The Western Wandsdyke gave its name to the former Wansdyke district of the county of Avon, and also to the Wansdyke constituency. It is now in
Bath and North East Somerset unitary authority.References
See also
*
Maes Knoll
*Bathampton Down
*Silesia Walls External links
* [http://www.wansdyke21.org.uk/ Wansdyke Project 21] -- A project to preserve Wansdyke (the earthwork). Includes a [http://www.wansdyke21.org.uk/faqs.htm FAQ] .
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