- Arabidopsis
taxobox
name = "Arabidopsis"
image_caption =Thale Cress ("Arabidopsis thaliana")
regnum =Plantae
unranked_divisio =Angiosperms
unranked_classis =Eudicots
unranked_ordo =Rosids
ordo =Brassicales
familia =Brassicaceae
genus = "Arabidopsis"
genus_authority = Heynh. in Holl & Heynh.
subdivision_ranks = Species
subdivision = See text.|"Arabidopsis" ("A-ra-bi-dóp-sis", rockcress) is a genus in the family
Brassicaceae . They are smallflowering plant s related tocabbage and mustard. This genus is of great interest since it containsthale cress ("Arabidopsis thaliana"), one of themodel organism s used for studying plant biology and the first plant to have its entire genome sequenced. Changes in thale cress are easily observed, making it a very useful model.tatus
Currently the genus "Arabidopsis" has nine species and a further eight subspecies recognised. This delimitation is quite recent, and is based on morphological and molecular phylogenies by O'Kane & Al-Shehbaz (1997, 2003) and others.
Their findings confirm that the species formerly included in "Arabidopsis" made it
polyphyletic . The most recent reclassification moves two species previously placed in "Cardaminopsis " and "Hylandra " and three species of "Arabis " into "Arabidopsis", but excludes 50 species that have been moved into the new genera "Beringia,Crucihimalaya ,Ianhedgea ,Olimarabidopsis ", and "Pseudoarabidopsis ".All of the species in "Arabidopsis" are indigenous to
Europe , while two of the species have broad ranges also extending intoNorth America andAsia .In the last two decades, "A. thaliana" has gained much interest from the scientific community as a
model organism for research in plant systematics. In Europe, the model organism resource centre for "Arabidopsis"germplasm ,bioinformatics andmolecular biology resources (includingGeneChips ) is theNottingham Arabidopsis Stock Centre –NASC .List of species and subspecies
*"
Arabidopsis arenosa " (L.) Lawalrée, :"A. arenosa" subsp. "arenosa"::Distribution: Europe: native in Austria, Belarus, Bosnia Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, NE France, Germany, Hungary, N Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Macedonia, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Switzerland, Ukraine, and Yugoslavia; naturalized in Belgium, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Netherlands, Norway, Russia and W Siberia, and Sweden; absent in Albania, Greece, C and S Italy, and Turkey.:"A. arenosa" subsp. "borbasii"::Distribution: E Belgium, Czech Republic, NE France, Germany, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Switzerland, Ukraine. Doubtfully occurring in Denmark.
*"
Arabidopsis cebennensis " (D.C.)::Distribution: SE France.*"
Arabidopsis croatica " (Schott)::Distribution: Bosnia, Croatia.*"
Arabidopsis halleri " (L.):"A. halleri" subsp. "halleri"::Distribution: Austria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Germany, N and C Italy, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Switzerland, and S Ukraine. Probably introduced in N France and extinct in Belgium.:"A. halleri" subsp. "ovirensis" (Wulfen)::Distribution: Albania, Austria, NE Italy, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, SW Ukraine, Yugoslavia.
:"A. halleri" subsp. "gemmifera" (Matsumura)::Distribution: Russian Far East, northeastern China, Korea, Japan, and Taiwan.
*"
Arabidopsis lyrata " (L.) O'Kane & Al-Shehbaz:"A. lyrata" subsp. "lyrata"::Distribution: NE European Russia, Alaska, Canada (Ontario west into British Columbia), and southeastern and central United States (Vermont south into northern Georgia and Mississippi northward into Missouri and Minnesota).:"A. lyrata" subsp. "petraea" (Linnaeus) O'Kane & Al-Shehbaz::Distribution: Austria, Czech Republic, England, Germany, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, N. Italy, Norway, Russia (NW Russia, Siberia and Far East), Scotland, Sweden, Ukraine, boreal North America (Alaska and Yukon). Apparently extinct in Poland.
:"A. lyrata" subsp. "kamchatica" (Fischer ex D.C.) O'Kane & Al-Shehbaz::Distribution: boreal Alaska, Canada (Yukon, Mackenzie District, British Columbia, northern Saskatchewan), Aleutian Islands, eastern Siberia, the Russian Far East, Korea, northern China, Japan, and Taiwan.
*"
Arabidopsis neglecta " (Schultes)::Distribution: Carpathian Mountains (Poland, Romania, Slovakia, and adjacent Ukraine).*"
Arabidopsis pedemontana " (Boiss.)::Distribution: northwestern Italy and, presumably extinct, in adjacent SW Switzerland.*"
Arabidopsis suecica " (Fries) Norrlin, Meddel.::Distribution: Fennoscandinavia and the Baltic region.*"
Arabidopsis thaliana " (L.) Heynh.::Distribution: native range almost all Europe to central Asia, now naturalized worldwide.Cytogenetics
Cytogenetic analysis has shown that the
haploid chromosome number is variable and can be n = 5, 8, 13, and 16."A. thaliana" is n=5 and the DNA sequencing of this species was completed in 2001.
"A. suecica" is n=13 and is an amphidiploid species originated through hybridization between "A. thaliana" and diploid "A. arenosa".
"A. neglecta" is n=8 as are the various subspecies of "A. halleri".
Various subspecies of "A. lyrata" and "A. arenosa" can be either n=8 (diploid) or n=16 (tetraploid).
As of 2005, "A. cebennensis", "A. croatica" and "A. pedemontana" have not been investigated cytologically.
Reclassified species
The following species previously placed in "Arabidopsis" are not currently considered part of the genus.
*"A. bactriana" =
*"A. brevicaulis" = "Crucihimalaya himalaica"
*"A. bursifolia" = "Beringia bursifolia"
*"A. campestris" = "Crucihimalaya wallichii"
*"A. dentata" = "Murbeckiella pinnatifida"
*"A. drassiana" =
*"A. erysimoides" = "Erysimum hedgeanum"
*"A. eseptata" = "Olimarabidopsis umbrosa"
*"A. gamosepala" = "Neotorularia gamosepala"
*"A. glauca" = "Thellungiella salsuginea"
*"A. griffithiana" = "Olimarabidopsis pumila"
*"A. himalaica" = "Crucihimalaya himalaica"
*"A. huetii" = "Murbeckiella huetii"
*"A. kneuckeri" = "Crucihimalaya kneuckeri"
*"A. korshinskyi" = "Olimarabidopsis cabulica"
*"A. lasiocarpa" = "Crucihimalaya lasiocarpa"
*"A. minutiflora" = "Ianhedgea minutiflora"
*"A. mollis" = "Beringia bursifolia"
*"A. mollissima" = "Crucihimalaya mollissima"
*"A. monachorum" = "Crucihimalaya lasiocarpa"
*"A. mongolica" = "Crucihimalaya mongolica"
*"A. multicaulis" = "Arabis tibetica"
*"A. novae-anglicae" = "Neotorularia humilis"
*"A. nuda" = "Drabopsis nuda"
*"A. ovczinnikovii" = "Crucihimalaya mollissima"
*"A. parvula" = "Thellungiella parvula"
*"A. pinnatifida" = "Murbeckiella pinnatifida"
*"A. pumila" = "Olimarabidopsis pumila"
*"A. qiranica" = "Sisymbriopsis mollipila"
*"A. richardsonii" = "Neotorularia humilis"
*"A. russeliana" = "Crucihimalaya wallichii"
*"A. salsuginea" = "Thellungiella salsuginea"
*"A. sarbalica" = "Crucihimalaya wallichii"
*"A. schimperi" = "Robeschia schimperi"
*"A. stenocarpa" = "Beringia bursifolia"
*"A. stewartiana" = "Olimarabidopsis pumila"
*"A. stricta" = "Crucihimalaya stricta"
*"A. taraxacifolia" = "Crucihimalaya wallichii"
*"A. tenuisiliqua" = "Arabis tenuisiliqua"
*"A. tibetica" = "Crucihimalaya himalaica"
*"A. tibetica" = "Arabis tibetica"
*"A. toxophylla" = "Pseudoarabidopsis toxophylla"
*"A. trichocarpa" = "Neotorularia humilis"
*"A. trichopoda" = "Beringia bursifolia"
*"A. tschuktschorum" = "Beringia bursifolia"
*"A. tuemurnica" = "Neotorularia humilis"
*"A. verna" = "Drabopsis nuda"
*"A. virgata" = "Beringia bursifolia"
*"A. wallichii" = "Crucihimalaya wallichii"
*"A. yadungensis" =ources
*O'Kane Jr, S. L., & Al-Shehbaz, I. A. (1997). A synopsis of Arabidopsis (Brassicaceae): "Novon" 7: 323–327.
*Al-Shehbaz, I. A., O'Kane, Steve L. (2002). Taxonomy and Phylogeny of Arabidopsis (Brassicaceae). "The Arabidopsis Book": 1-22. [http://www.bioone.org/bioone/?request=get-document&issn=1543-8120&volume=006&issue=01&page=0001 online version] .
*O'Kane Jr, S. L., & Al-Shehbaz, I. A. (2003). Phylogenetic position and generic limits of Arabidopsis (Brassicaceae) based on sequences of nuclear ribosomal DNA: "Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden" 90 (4): 603-612
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