Alexandr Hackenschmied

Alexandr Hackenschmied (17 December 1907, Linz - 26 July 2004, New York City) was a leading avant-garde photographer and filmmaker in Czechoslovakia between the two world wars. He immigrated to the U.S. in 1938 and became involved in American avant-garde cinema. His film, "Meshes of the Afternoon", which he made with filmmaker Maya Deren -- to whom he was married from 1942 to 1947 -- has become an icon of avant-garde cinema in the U.S.

Career in Czechoslovakia and the U.S.

He changed his name to Alexander Hammid when he became a citizen of the United States in 1942. He is best-known for his work in documentary film, both as a director, cameraman and editor.

According to Jaroslav Andel's biography, [http://www.schaden.com/book/HacAle01467.html Alexandr Hackenschmied] , in 1930, Hackenschmied created his first film "Bezucelna prochazka" ("Aimless Walk") which inaugurated the movement of avant-garde film in Czecholovakia. The same year he also organized the Exhibition of New Czech Photography in the Aventinska Mansarda -- a showcase for artists of the Aventinum publishing house in Prague -- and the first show of European avant-garde film in the Kotva Cinema, also in Prague. He also published a number of articles on photography and film, in which he formulated the new aesthetics of both fields.

Before emigrating from Czechoslovakia, Hackenschmied worked for the Bata Film Studio in Zlin, founded by Jan A. Bata in the 1930s who hired young filmmakers and artists to develop modern films, primarily for advertising. While employed there, Hackenschmied made numerous advertising and documentary films, one of the most famous was directed by Elmar Klos in 1937, entitled "The Highway Sings", showing auto tires in motion.

During the late 1930s he collaborated with the American filmmaker Herbert Kline on the feature-length documentary "Crisis" (1939) and moved to the USA where he met and worked with Deren on her first film "Meshes of the Afternoon" (1943). He also directed the documentaries "The Forgotten Village" (1941), "The Valley of the Tennessee" (1944), and "A Better Tomorrow" (1945). Hammid also made the 22-minute short "The Private Life of a Cat" (1947) while married to Deren and shot entirely in their Morton Street apartment in Manhattan.This short film was part narrative, part documentary about cats and their daily lives. The film starts off with two cats, a male and a female. The female is eventually impregnated by the male cat, and begins to search for shelter for when she gives birth to her kittens. The film shows her giving birth to five kittens in graphic detail. In 1944, he directed a documentary featuring conductor Arturo Toscanini, "Hymn of the Nations", produced by the Office of War Information. His documentary "Library of Congress" (1945) was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Short Documentary. Through the 50's and 60's Hammid made documentaries. In 1951, Hackenschmied and Gian Carlo Menotti co-directed the film version of Menotti's opera "The Medium".Hammid's directed his final film, To Be Alive, in 1964.Hammid worked in partnership with filmmaker Francis Thompson for over 25 years, producing numerous “in-house” documentaries as well as several films for general viewership. One of the most notable of these is the first IMAX format film, "TO FLY!" which premiered at the Smithsonian Institution’s National Air and Space Museum (NASM) at the museum’s grand opening celebration on July 1, 1976. Produced in conjunction with MacGillivray Freeman Films, it continues to play regularly at the Air and Space Museum.

During his years with Francis Thompson, Inc. Hammid went on to be involved with several other early Imax films. Graham Ferguson, owner of the Imax Corp. (speaking at Francis Thompson’s memorial service in 2004) recalled how he had wanted Hammid and Thompson to make the first commercial Imax films because of their extensive work in earlier large-scale multi-screen films including "To Be Alive" (which won an Oscar after being shown at the New York World's Fair in 1964), "We Are Young" (on six screens for the Montreal World's Fair/Expo 67 in 1967) and "US" (for San Antonio's Hemisfair in 1969).

In 1964 he co-directed the documentary "To Be Alive!" which was shown at the New York World's Fair in 1964 and won an Academy Award for Best Documentary Short in 1965.

ee also

*Book: Michael Omasta (ed.): "Tribute to Sasha" (Vienna: SYNEMA, 2002) (German/English)
*Documentary Film: "Aimless Walk: Alexander Hammid" (1996, 48 minutes) directed by Martina Kudlacek

External links

* [http://www.radio.cz/en/article/56570 Czech avant-garde pioneer Alexandr Hackenschmied (Hammid) dies at 96] Radio Prague article.
*imdb name|id=0352413|name=Alexander Hammid
* [http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0157299/ "Aimless Walk: Alexander Hammid" (1996) at IMDB]
* [http://www.archive.org/details/PrivateL1947 "Private Life of a Cat" (1947) at the Internet Archive]
* [http://www.macfreefilms.com/behind/DisplayPress.asp?NewsID=16 "To Fly" details at MacGillivray Freeman Films]
* [http://www.batahistory.com/ Bata company history]