Dale Farm

Coordinates: 51°35′42″N 0°28′26″E / 51.595°N 0.474°E / 51.595; 0.474

Dale Farm
Dale Farm Entrance, scaffolding and "We won't go" sign
Dale Farm  Dale Farm shown within Essex
Population	1,000
District	Basildon
Shire county	Essex
Region	East
Country	England
Sovereign state	United Kingdom
Post town	BILLERICAY
Postcode district	CM11 2
Dialling code	01268
Police	Essex
Fire	Essex
Ambulance	East of England
EU Parliament	East of England
UK Parliament	Basildon and Billericay
List of places: UK • England • Essex

Dale Farm is a plot of land on Oak Lane in Crays Hill, Essex, United Kingdom.

Until October 2011, it was an Irish Traveller halting site which had been established without planning permission. The site is owned by members of the travelling community and is located within the Green Belt.^[1]

In October 2011, to give bailiffs safe access to allow a clearance order to be executed, some residents and activists had to be removed from the Dale Farm site - this action gained international press coverage.

At its height, Dale Farm, along with the adjacent Oak Lane site, housed over 1,000 people, the largest Traveller concentration in the UK.^[2]

Dale Farm

Dale Farm is a six acre plot of land on Oak Lane, near the A127 Southend Arterial road. Dale Farm has been subject to Green Belt controls since 1982. Next to the Dale Farm site there is an authorised travellers' site known as Oak Lane. This has Council planning permission, and provides 34 legal pitches. ^[3]

Dale Farm cottage was leased to Ray Bocking, a scrap metal dealer in the early 1960's. Land in the north-east corner was used as a scrap yard without planning permission until 2001.^[4]

As a site for travellers, Dale Farm was started in the 1980s when a planning appeal was won by two families against Basildon District Council on the southern end of the site, with the help of a Planning Law expert, Robert Home. Prof. Home stated that "I was first involved when two Gypsy families wanted planning permission for single family plots down Oak Road and we fought it against Basildon Council and we were successful." He also claimed that although it was in the greenbelt, even 30 years ago the area was described as mixed use. Also, "There were houses down this part of Crays Hill that were actually in the greenbelt, small rural businesses here, then the Gypsy caravans came in. But there had always been Gypsy caravans in and around Basildon." Subsequently, the council ceded permission to 40 families before deciding against granting further permissions as other parts of the site were occupied.^[5]

Mr Bocking said that the site "was originally concreted over by Basildon council". Basildon council deny this, although a contractor who worked for the previous owner said, "Basildon council regularly brought waste tarmac and rubble from roadworks and dumped it on Dale Farm for a period of 10 years until the 1990s." Basildon council says "it served enforcement notices against [him] in 1992 and 1994 and council contractors did not put down any hardstanding on the farm."

Traveller John Sheridan purchased Dale Farm cottage and the green fields around it from Mr Bocking for £120,000 in 2001. At this time unplanned development started. There is a report that plots were changing hands for £50,000. ^[6]

Various planning breaches were reported. Basildon Council first served enforcement notices in 2001 and the Travellers brought legal action in an attempt to have these repealed. The council has said that planning applications for the caravans and chalets on the site were rejected because the land was green belt.

The Guardian newspaper reported that a "temporary order was granted by the then Secretary of State, John Prescott ". ^[7]

In reference to this temporary order, the government's Communities and Local Government department, in their report on "Site Provision and Enforcement for Gypsies and Travellers", dated December 2007, wrote:^[8]

The site has a long and contentious planning history. Temporary permission was granted by the Secretary of State in 2005(?) with the intention that this would give the site residents and the local authority time to find a suitable alternative site. However, no such progress has been made, and the local authority has now received a homelessness application for the 400 people who claim that eviction from the site will leave them homeless. At the same time, opposition amongst parts of the settled community towards site residents has become ever fiercer, with parents from the settled community withdrawing their children from the school attended by children from Dale Farm, and the view regularly expressed in letters to the local press that Gypsies and Travellers living on the site are somehow ‘above the law’.^[8]

Basildon Council's Development Control Committee minutes state that: "In June 2005, once the two-year compliance period had lapsed, the Council resolved that direct action was necessary to secure compliance with the notices. It was this decision (reconsidered in December 2007) that was then made the subject of Judicial Review proceedings, which were heard in February 2008." ^[9]

In 2008, Essex County Council's Racial Equality Council funded a £12,000 community centre at the site, built without planning permission.^[10]

The Dale Farm travellers

See also: Irish Travellers

An article in the local newspaper, the Echo, states that the site was first stopped at by English travelling families during the 1970s. Residents claim the influx of Irish travellers which followed in 2001-2002 caused a rise in conflict with the settled community. Most of the English travellers subsequently "sold up as they are said not to mix" with the Irish travellers.^[11] In 2002 a land dispute led to the shooting dead of Billy Williams.^[11]

Ownership of the unauthorised (illegal) portion appears to rest with the Sheridan clan of travellers. Richard Sheridan is the President of the Dale Farm Housing Association.

A reporter for the Echo, wrote that some are linked to driveway surfacing in continental Europe,^[12] and door to door sales of electrical goods in Australia and Iceland, some of a "dangerous or counterfeit" nature.^[13]

The Daily Telegraph newspaper reported that "new evidence has emerged" that some residents have cultural roots in the town of Rathkeale, County Limerick, Ireland, and some own property there.^[14] The newspaper said of the residents: "They deny any connections, yet some of them appear on deeds of homes, others on planning applications for houses and yet more on the electoral register." It also notes that Matthew Brindley, of the Irish Traveller Movement in Britain, said:

"Some people might have property elsewhere but the vast majority do not." Jake Fulton, of Save Dale Farm, said: "If this is true I would be very surprised."

The travellers have links to the local area, with many of their children attending a local Crays Hill school.^[15]

Early in the morning of 19 May 2005, a fire swept through a chalet killing both John and Cathleen McCarthy and destroying three adjacent caravans. Luckily the children sleeping in a caravan next door escaped. ^[16]

The Council has questioned why pitches in the legal part of the site are usually unoccupied. However, "Grattan Puxon, a campaigner for travellers, said the owners would spend much of the year travelling. ... and some of the plots also had to be vacated before the electricity company carried out work at some of the plots"^[17]

A professor of land management, Robert Home stated in a telephone interview that

"the travellers would normally be on the road between April and October and use a more permanent site over the winter months. But many had remained at Dale Farm for a longer period to counter the threat of eviction."^[18]

Local Authorities in the UK were previously obliged to provide sites for up to fifteen caravans at a time under the Caravan Sites Act 1968. This obligation was removed in the Criminal Justice and Public Order Act 1994. The former Commission for Racial Equality said that this has led to there being too few sites to accommodate all travellers; more than 90% of traveller planning applications are initially rejected compared to 20% overall.^[19]

Prior to the clearance of the illegally occupied portion of the site, the entirety of Dale Farm contained about 100 families. ^[20]

2011 eviction

In October 2011, a legal process that had taken ten years, reaching as far as the Court of Appeal, concluded with the ruling that Basildon Council has acted lawfully in refusing planning permission for the disputed portion of Dale Farm.^[21]

On 15 March 2011, Basildon council voted 28 to 10 to clear 86 families from Dale Farm.^[22] Over the following period, the council prepared budgetary statements for the costs of eviction, with a worst case scenario estimated at £8million. During a series of secret talks over the following six months between travellers leader Richard Sheridan, council leader Tony Ball and head of planning Dawn French, the travellers demanded £6 million to relocate to authorised and potential new sites outside Basildon.^[23]

On 4 July, eviction notices were served on some 90 families living on the illegal half of the Dale Farm site, giving them until 31 August 2011 to leave.^[24] The eviction date was set for the week beginning 19 September 2011 and electricity supplies to the site were planned to be cut off on the morning of the eviction.^[25] Basildon council said that "It is important to remember that the operation is a site clearance and not an eviction."^[4]

On 26 August a temporary 50 mph. speed limit was applied to a two-mile stretch of the A127 carriageway by Essex County Council, anticipating an influx of slow-moving caravans and trucks joining the road when the eviction commenced. Several local road blocks were then introduced in areas surrounding Dale Farm.^[26]

Camp Constant was established on 27 August - a campsite within Dale Farm to help resist an eviction and monitor human rights. The camp was organised by the anarchist Dale Farm Solidarity group with the support of the Travellers. A mixture of concerned locals and activists began to arrive from Britain and various countries in Europe.^[27] The British firm of bailiffs, Constant and Co, was given the £2.2 million contract to clear 54 pitches at Dale Farm.^[28]

On 15 September the Council asked that the residents peacefully vacate the unauthorised site, and stressed that it will meet its duty to house homeless families as the law demands.^[29]

It was reported on 19 September that a mediation offer by Jan Jařab, the regional representative of the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights, was rejected by the Foreign Office.^[30]

That morning, a bailiff addressed the residents, expressing health and safety concerns regarding the barricades and the possibly forceful eviction.^[30] Following court evidence given by Mary Sheridan and others, Hon. Justice Antony Edwards-Stuart at the High Court in London issued an injunction, stating that the proposed measures ‘may go further’ than the terms of the enforcement notices. He said the council must notify the families individually about the precise nature of enforcement actions planned against them, and must give them a chance to respond. Enforcement could not occur before 23 September, and water and electricity must not be cut off.^[30]

Basildon council said on 20 September:

The High Court yesterday granted an injunction preventing the Council from undertaking any physical measures to secure compliance with the outstanding planning enforcement notices and also to prevent the electricity and all other utilities from being cut. (There was never any intention for the Council to cut the water supply).^[31]

According to "The Sun" newspaper, around 20 caravans had voluntarily departed for Stockwood Park in Luton already.^[32]

On 3 October, Justice Edwards-Stuart ruled that Basildon Council could remove caravans from 49 of 54 plots. The council was also told it could remove the majority of concrete pitches on the site, but walls and fences would remain. Travellers had lodged applications for three separate judicial reviews which delayed action. On 13 October, Justice Duncan Ouseley ruled against these appeals, saying residents were constantly violating criminal law and must be removed to prevent "the criminal law and the planning system being brought into serious disrepute". ^[33]

Lord Justice Jeremy Sullivan, ruling on a referral to the Court of Appeal on 17 October, advised representatives of the Dale Farm residents that they could not challenge the decision by Justice Ouseley. Following the hearing, Tony Ball announced that, with the exception of three plots where 48-hours notice would be provided, that Council would not be giving any further notice of when the eviction would start. He encouraged the residents and activists to leave peacefully. On behalf of the residents, Mrs. Kathleen McCarthy said that the decision meant that the travellers would be forced back onto the road.

A spokeswoman for the Dale Farm Solidarity group advised that the site had gone into "lockdown" and the perimeter had been reinforced around the 49 plots, in order to resist eviction of the families affected.^[34] The large metal gates at the front of the site were locked and every other entry point was heavily fortified with metal fencing, barbed wire and other items.

At 7 am on 19 October 2011^[35] the site clearance of Dale Farm began. Local MP John Baron said: "Police are using the minimum force required and when you are being pelted with bricks and rocks you are entitled to defend yourself." The MEP for the area, Richard Howitt, said: "The smoke above Dale Farm is the most visible sign of the failure of Basildon Council to seek a mediated solution."^[36] Electricity was disconnected. More than 100 riot police entered the site through the rear fence, and two people were tasered.^[37] Bailiffs followed after 12 am. to begin removing^{[citation needed]} illegally erected buildings. Some of the residents had to be forcibly removed, whilst others left voluntarily. Police spent most of that afternoon removing people from the 12-metre high scaffold tower on the front gate, with the help of cherry pickers.^[38]

Essex Police said that there were 34 arrests at the site for offences including violent disorder, breach of the peace and obstruction on 19 and 20 October. A police spokesman said all of the people arrested were activists, not Travellers.^[39]

Around 4:45 pm. on 20 October, Dale Farm travellers and supporters walked out of the site. Removal of mobile homes on the site by the bailiffs began^[40] and media access to the site was restricted for several days.

The Council said that returning the site to green belt land would take several weeks. The authorities were required to restore any walls and fences damaged during clearance.^[41] Farmers in the area blockaded their entrances to prevent illegal occupation of their land.^[39]

Before the injunction of 19 September, the Council had said that "The estimated direct operational cost of £6.5m together with estimated post operational costs of £1.5m produce a total of £8m.^[4] The eviction was expected to cost in total up to £18 million, including legal costs, and to involve the removal of around 400 residents, including about 100 children.^[42][43] Legal aid to residents from 2005 to September 2011 totaled £188,000.^[44]

On 5 November, following threats by Travellers to return to the site,^[45] Basildon Council was awarded an order at the High Court to prevent the former residents illegally reoccuping the site. The injunction would place those breaching it in contempt of court.^[46]

On 7 November 2011, an application by Dale Farm neighbour Len Gridley to the High Court to force the Basildon Council to remove debris from the illegal site was denied. Gridley said the delay in clearing the site has decreased the value of his property, and has criticized the council's decision to allow the size of the legal site to be increased without planning permission.^[47]

Commentary

The Peace and Progress Party has advocated on behalf of the Travellers at Dale Farm. The party called a meeting at Parliament in June 2006, following which actor and activist Corin Redgrave collapsed at a council meeting at Basildon Town Hall.

In their Annual Report and Accounts for 2006/7. the former Commission for Racial Equality (CRE) said:

In 2005, we reported that we had obtained leave to intervene in a judicial review case involving a decision by a local authority to evict a large group of Irish Travellers from an unauthorised encampment on the Dale Farm site in Basildon in 2005. We argued that the council had failed to pay due regard to its requirements under the race equality duty to promote race equality and good race relations when taking the decision to evict. This case was postponed until 2007, due to outstanding planning appeals.^[19]

And later, as the Equality and Human Rights Commission and the Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination (CERD):

The UK has been the object of an enquiry from CERD under the early warning and urgent action procedure. During its 76th session in February 2010, CERD considered the impending eviction of an Irish and Romani Traveller community from Dale Farm in Essex. The committee expressed concern that the planned eviction of the Traveller community from Dale Farm might imply a breach of Article 5 e (iii), guaranteeing the right to housing. ^[48]

The media varied in their reporting. According to the Daily Mail newspaper website for 19 September 2011:^[49]

Hundreds of anarchists turned Europe's largest illegal traveller site into a fortress today to defy bailiffs in what they say will be the 'Battle of Basildon'. Menacing activists, wearing scarves over their faces, launched ‘Operation Lockdown’ to stop the authorities from bulldozing Dale Farm for a planned eviction this morning.

BBC correspondent Fergal Keane, who was inside the illegal part of the site, said:

"There is now about an equal split between travellers and supporters. The travellers are certainly grateful for the support of the activists. They are expecting the bailiffs at any time and they are unlikely to come through the front entrance. Wherever they enter the site they are likely to be met by peaceful resistance."^[50]

Media coverage

As the largest travellers' site in Britain, Dale Farm has drawn much media interest. The site was featured on the Channel 5 reality programme At War with Next Door in December 2006.^[51] It was also featured on the "Children of the Road" episode of the CBBC series My Life, and in the Channel 4 series, Big Fat Gypsy Weddings.

In July 2011, the expected eviction of the Travellers was the subject of the BBC television documentary entitled The Big Gypsy Eviction.^[52] On 19 September 2011, Channel 4's documentary Dispatches: The Fight For Dale Farm covered the relationship between travellers, residents affected by encampments, and the law.

References

1. ^ "Basildon Council : Green belt information". Basildon.gov.uk. 2010-10-25. http://www.basildon.gov.uk/index.aspx?articleid=2191. Retrieved 2011-10-17. 
2. ^ Rachel Stevenson, "Dale Farm Travellers: 'We won't just get up and leave'", The Guardian (Tuesday, 27 July 2010). Retrieved 30 August 2010.
3. ^ [1] Dale Farm background
4. ^ ^{a b c} "Basildon Council : Dale Farm site clearance - Frequently asked questions (FAQ's)". Basildon.gov.uk. 2011-08-25. http://www.basildon.gov.uk/index.aspx?articleid=3976&faqdetailid=4007&inplace=true. Retrieved 2011-10-17. 
5. ^ The man who helped create Dale Farm BBC News online 15-10-2011, Accessed 15-10-2011
6. ^ http://www.annaraccoon.com/politics/is-it-%E2%80%98cos-i%E2%80%99s-victimised/ (Anna Raccoon)
7. ^ Patrick Barkham. "Dale Farm was concreted over by Basildon council, former owner claims | UK news". The Guardian. http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/2011/sep/16/dale-farm-concreted-basildon-council-owner?INTCMP=SRCH. Retrieved 2011-10-17. 
8. ^ ^{a b} http://www.communities.gov.uk/documents/housing/pdf/roadahead.pdf
9. ^ "Basildon Council : Dale Farm site clearance - Key legal milestones". Basildon.gov.uk. http://www.basildon.gov.uk/index.aspx?articleid=4022. 
10. ^ "Updated: Taxpayers fund travellers' community centre (From Echo)". Echo-news.co.uk. 2008-05-01. http://www.echo-news.co.uk/news/2237557.taxpayers_fund_12_000_community_centre_at_dale_farm/. Retrieved 2011-10-17. 
11. ^ ^{a b} "How did Dale Farm get so big? (From Echo)". Echo-news.co.uk. 2006-12-09. http://www.echo-news.co.uk/news/1065414.How_did_Dale_Farm_get_so_big_/. Retrieved 2011-10-17. 
12. ^ "Dale Farm: The French connection (From Echo)". Echo-news.co.uk. 2007-11-09. http://www.echo-news.co.uk/news/1823100.0/. Retrieved 2011-10-17. 
13. ^ "Revealed: Dale Farm has gone Down Under (From Echo)". Echo-news.co.uk. 2008-10-07. http://www.echo-news.co.uk/news/3732113.Revealed__Dale_Farm_has_gone_Down_Under/. Retrieved 2011-10-17. 
14. ^ "Travellers facing eviction from Dale Farm gipsy camp have their own homes in Ireland". Telegraph. 2011-09-10. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/8752704/Travellers-facing-eviction-from-Dale-Farm-gipsy-camp-have-their-own-homes-in-Ireland.html. Retrieved 2011-10-17. 
15. ^ "How can they call Crays Hill school outstanding? (From Echo)". Echo-news.co.uk. 2007-09-11. http://www.echo-news.co.uk/news/1678430.print/. Retrieved 2011-10-17. 
16. ^ Tragic deaths at fire
17. ^ "Why are legal Dale Farm sites empty? (From Echo)". Echo-news.co.uk. 2010-11-17. http://www.echo-news.co.uk/news/local_news/basildon/8668895.Why_are_legal_Dale_Farm_sites_empty_/. Retrieved 2011-10-17. 
18. ^ The Ledger - British Police Clear Encampment
19. ^ ^{a b} "CRE Annual Report and Accounts 2006/7 HC347" (PDF). http://www.equalityhumanrights.com/uploaded_files/OurJob/cre_annual_report__and_accounts_2006-7__2_.pdf. Retrieved 2011-10-17. 
20. ^ Patrick Barkham. "The final days of Dale Farm | UK news". The Guardian. http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/2011/sep/18/dale-farm-final-days-photographs?INTCMP=SRCH. Retrieved 2011-10-17. 
21. ^ Alexandra Topping (19 October 2011). "Dale Farm: 'They promised a peaceful eviction. This wasn't peaceful'". The Guardian. http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/2011/oct/19/dale-farm-eviction-clashes. Retrieved 20 October 2011. 
22. ^ "BBC News - Traveller clearance to cost £8m". Bbc.co.uk. 2011-03-15. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-12746590. Retrieved 2011-10-17. 
23. ^ Jon Austin (6 September 2011). "Travellers wanted £6m to leave Dale Farm". Basildon Recorder. http://www.basildonrecorder.co.uk/archive/2011/09/06/Basildon+News+%28basildon_news%29/9234383.Travellers_wanted___6m_to_leave_Dale_Farm/. Retrieved 19 October 2011. 
24. ^ "Dale Farm travellers camp eviction notices". BBC News. 4 July 2011. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-essex-14017865. Retrieved 4 July 2011. 
25. ^ Maev Kennedy. "Dale Farm Travellers get eviction date | UK news". The Guardian. http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/2011/sep/05/dale-farm-travellers-eviction-date. Retrieved 2011-10-17. 
26. ^ 50mph on A127
27. ^ Day One of Camp Constant
28. ^ BBC - Camp Constant's 'gesture of defiance'
29. ^ "Basildon Council - An Open Letter To The Residents Of Dale Farm - 15Th September 2011". .basildon.gov.uk. 2011-09-15. http://www2.basildon.gov.uk/Website2/newsroom.nsf/PRDALE/97FCDC9CBF1A8EBC8025790C0057756E?OpenDocument. Retrieved 2011-10-17. 
30. ^ ^{a b c} Malik, Shiv (2011-09-19). "Dale Farm evictions live – Monday 19 September 2011 | UK news | guardian.co.uk". Guardian. http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/blog/2011/sep/19/dale-farm-evicitons-live. Retrieved 2011-10-17. 
31. ^ "Basildon Council - High Court Grants Last Minute Dale Farm Injunction Until Friday". .basildon.gov.uk. 2011-09-20. http://www2.basildon.gov.uk/Website2/newsroom.nsf/PRDALE/D65CE5D4800920B280257911002B498A?OpenDocument. Retrieved 2011-10-17. 
32. ^ Dale Farm gypsies start up ‘illegal’ new site. [2] Accessed 9 Nov 2011.
33. ^ "BBC News - Dale Farm eviction: Judge refuses residents' legal bid". Bbc.co.uk. 2011-10-12. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-essex-15163750. Retrieved 2011-10-17. 
34. ^ Dale Farm eviction: Travellers refused appeal bid BBC News online 17-10-2011, Accessed 17-10-2011
35. ^ Harlow Star
36. ^ BBC - eviction starts with violence Accessed 21 Oct 2011.
37. ^ Guardian - Police tasers Accessed 21 Oct 2011.
38. ^ BBC: Protesters removed from barricades
39. ^ ^{a b} The Telegraph: Dale-Farm-eviction-live
40. ^ Echo News - live updates
41. ^ "Council officials serve details of Dale Farm clearance plans". scotsman.com. 22 October 2011. http://www.scotsman.com/news/council_officials_serve_details_of_dale_farm_clearance_plans_1_1924936. Retrieved 23 October 2011. 
42. ^ Guardian: Travellers seek last-gasp reprieve
43. ^ Cowell, Alan (October 19, 2011). "British Police Clear Encampment, Home to Hundreds, After Ruling". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2011/10/20/world/europe/british-authorities-evict-travelers.html. Retrieved October 20, 2011. 
44. ^ Nearly £200,000 in legal aid
45. ^ http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-essex-15591891
46. ^ "Council wins injunction to stop Dale Farm return". 2011-11-05. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-essex-15621630. Retrieved 2011-11-07. 
47. ^ http://www.echo-news.co.uk/news/9349103.Dale_Farm___now_it_s_Len_vs_the_council/
48. ^ EHRC - From local voices to global audience (DOC)
49. ^ "Dale Farm eviction: Travellers' glee as judge halts closure of illegal site at 11th hour | Mail Online". Dailymail.co.uk. http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2038820/Dale-Farm-eviction-As-bailiffs-prepare-travellers-organise-war-meetings.html. Retrieved 2011-10-17. 
50. ^ "BBC News - Dale Farm traveller site: Bailiffs urge end to obstruction". Bbc.co.uk. 2011-09-19. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-14967627. Retrieved 2011-10-17. 
51. ^ Austin, Jon (2006-12-21). "Len claims TV show truce was a sham". Billericay Weekly News. Archived from the original on 2008-02-28. http://web.archive.org/web/20080228030549/http://www.billericayweeklynews.co.uk/news/localnews/display.var.1087527.0.len_claims_tv_show_truce_was_a_sham.php. Retrieved 31 August 2011.  Archived 2008
52. ^ "One Programmes - The Big Gypsy Eviction". BBC. 2011-07-21. http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b012rgck. Retrieved 2011-10-17.