HTTP 404

HTTP 404
HTTP
Persistence · Compression · HTTPS
Request methods
OPTIONS · GET · HEAD · POST · PUT · DELETE · TRACE · CONNECT
Header fields
Cookie · ETag · Location · Referer
DNT · X-Forwarded-For
Status codes
301 Moved permanently
302 Found
303 See Other
403 Forbidden
404 Not Found
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The 404 or Not Found error message is a HTTP standard response code indicating that the client was able to communicate with the server, but the server could not find what was requested. A 404 error should not be confused with "server not found" or similar errors, in which a connection to the destination server could not be made at all. A 404 error indicates that the requested resource may be available again in the future.

Contents

Overview

When communicating via HTTP, a server is required to respond to a request, such as a web browser's request for a web page, with a numeric response code and an optional, mandatory, or disallowed (based upon the status code) message. In the code 404, the first digit indicates a client error, such as a mistyped Uniform Resource Locator (URL). The following two digits indicate the specific error encountered. HTTP's use of three-digit codes is similar to the use of such codes in earlier protocols such as FTP and NNTP.

At the HTTP level, a 404 response code is followed by a human-readable "reason phrase". The HTTP specification suggests the phrase "Not Found"[1] and many web servers by default issue an HTML page that includes both the 404 code and the "Not Found" phrase.

A 404 error is often returned when pages have been moved or deleted. In the first case, a better response is to return a 301 Moved Permanently response, which can be configured in most server configuration files, or through URL rewriting; in the second case, a 410 Gone should be returned. Because these two options require special server configuration, most websites do not make use of them.

404 errors should not be confused with DNS errors, which appear when the given URL refers to a server name that does not exist. A 404 error indicates that the server itself was found, but that the server was not able to retrieve the requested page.

Custom error pages

A screenshot of a 404 error page on Wikipedia

Webservers can typically be configured to display a customised error page, including a more natural description, the parent site's branding or sometimes a search form. The protocol level phrase, which is hidden from the user, is rarely customized.

Internet Explorer (before Internet Explorer 7), however, will not display custom pages unless they are larger than 512 bytes, opting instead to display a "friendly" error page. Google Chrome includes similar functionality, where the 404 is replaced with alternative suggestions generated by Google algorithms, if the page is under 512 bytes in size. Another problem is that if the page does not provide a favicon, and a separate custom 404 page exists, extra traffic and longer loading times will be generated.[2][3]

Soft 404

Some websites report a "not found" error by returning a standard web page with a "200 OK" response code; this is known as a soft 404. Soft 404s are problematic for automated methods of discovering whether a link is broken. Some search engines, like Yahoo, use automated processes to detect soft 404s.[4] Soft 404s can occur as a result of configuration errors when using certain HTTP server software, for example with the Apache software, when an Error Document 404 (specified in a .htaccess file) is specified as an absolute path (e.g. http://example.com/error.html) rather than a relative path (/error.html).[5]

Some proxy servers generate a 404 error when the remote host is not present, rather than returning the correct 500-range code when errors such as hostname resolution failures or refused TCP connections prevent the proxy server from satisfying the request. This can confuse programs that expect and act on specific responses, as they can no longer easily distinguish between an absent web server and a missing web page on a web server that is present.

In July 2004, the UK telecom provider BT Group deployed the Cleanfeed content blocking system, which returns a 404 error to any request for content identified as potentially illegal by the Internet Watch Foundation.[6] Other ISPs return a HTTP 403 "forbidden" error in the same circumstances.[7] The practice of employing fake 404 errors as a means to conceal censorship has also been reported in Thailand[8] and Tunisia.[9] In Tunisia, where censorship is reportedly severe, people have become aware of the nature of the fake 404 errors and have created an imaginary character named "Ammar 404" who represents "the invisible censor".[10]

Slang usage

In 2008, a study carried out by the telecommunications arm of the Post Office[11] found that "404" had become a slang synonym for "clueless" in the United Kingdom. Slang lexicographer Jonathon Green said that "404" as a slang term had been driven by the "influence of technology" and young people, but at the time, such usage was relatively confined to London and other urban areas.[11]

404 page widgets

While many websites send additional information in a 404 error message—such as a link to the homepage of a website or a search box—there are also much more advanced extensions available as widgets that endeavor to find the correct web page the user wanted.[12]

In popular culture

  • During the May 2011 Greek protests, one of the most popular slogans was "Error 404: Democracy not found".[13]
  • In Tunisia political censorship led to 404 becoming so ubiquitous that Tunisian bloggers invented a character called Ammar they held responsible for its deployment.[14]

See also

References

  1. ^ "6.1.1 Status Code and Reason Phrase". W3C. http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec6.html#sec6.1.1. Retrieved 22 June 2008. 
  2. ^ Heng, Christopher (7 September 2008). "What is Favicon.ico and How to Create a Favicon Icon for Your Website". thesitewizard.com. http://www.thesitewizard.com/archive/favicon.shtml. Retrieved 23 February 2011. 
  3. ^ Cole, Linda (3 August 1999). "The Dastardly "favicon.ico not found" Error". Web Developers' Virtual Library. QuinStreet. http://www.wdvl.com/Authoring/Design/Images/Favicon/. Retrieved 25 February 2011. 
  4. ^ "Why is your crawler asking for strange URLs that have never existed on my site?". Yahoo Web Crawler Help page. http://help.yahoo.com/l/uk/yahoo/search/webcrawler/slurp-10.html. Retrieved 4 October 2009. 
  5. ^ "Farewell to soft 404s". Google Official Blog. http://googlewebmastercentral.blogspot.com/2008/08/farewell-to-soft-404s.html. Retrieved 20 September 2008. 
  6. ^ "LINX Public Affairs » Cleanfeed: the facts". Publicaffairs.linx.net. 10 September 2004. https://publicaffairs.linx.net/news/?p=154. Retrieved 6 March 2011. 
  7. ^ "DEMON - Error 403"
  8. ^ Sambandaraksa, Don (18 February 2009). "The old fake '404 Not Found' routine". Bangkok Post. http://www.bangkokpost.com/tech/technews/11872/the-old-fake-404-not-found-routine. Retrieved 12 September 2010. 
  9. ^ Noman, Helmi (12 September 2008). "Tunisian journalist sues government agency for blocking Facebook, claims damage for the use of 404 error message instead of 403". Open Net Initiative. http://opennet.net/node/950. Retrieved 21 November 2010. 
  10. ^ "Anti-censorship movement in Tunisia: creativity, courage and hope!". Global Voices Advocacy. 27 May 2010. http://advocacy.globalvoicesonline.org/2010/05/27/anti-censorship-movement-in-tunisia-creativity-courage-and-hope/. Retrieved 28 August 2010. 
  11. ^ a b "Don't be 404, know the tech slang". BBC News Online. 10 December 2008. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/technology/7775013.stm. Retrieved 13 December 2008. 
  12. ^ Swenson, Sahala (19 August 2008). "Make your 404 pages more useful". Official Google Webmaster Central Blog. Google, Inc. http://googlewebmastercentral.blogspot.com/2008/08/make-your-404-pages-more-useful.html. Retrieved 28 August 2009. 
  13. ^ "Sinde recibida en San Sebastián por los "indignados" al grito de "fuera"" (in Spanish). ABC Periódico Electrónico. June 6, 2011. http://www.abc.es/agencias/noticia.asp?noticia=841597. Retrieved 12 June 2011. 
  14. ^ BenMhenni, Lina. "Ammar 4040". http://advocacy.globalvoicesonline.org. http://globalvoicesonline.org/2009/05/15/tunisia-ammar-404-is-back-and-censoring-blogs-again/. Retrieved 29 June 2011. 

External links


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