630s

Events and Trends

* 630 — Serbs and Croats settle the Balkans in the provinces of Moesia, Pannonia and Dalmatia
* 632 — Death of Muhammad and transfer of authority in Islam to first caliph.
* 632 - The Muslims under the new caliph Abu Bakr begin the wars of Apostasy or Ridda Wars against the self-proclaimed prophet Musaylimah.
* 633 — Around this time Isidore of Seville completes his "Etymologies"
* 633 — The Ridda Wars ends and all Arabia is once again united.
* 633 — The Muslim Arabs start to plunder the border cities of the Sassanian Empire.
* 633 — The Muslim Arabs defeat the Sassanians in the Battle of Chains.
* 633 — The Sassanians are defeated once more by the Muslim Arabs in the Battle of River.
* 633 — The Sassanian Empire is again defeated by the Muslim Arabs in the Battle of Walaja.
* 633 — The Muslim Arabs conquer the great fortress city of Hira, capital of Mesopotamia from the Sassanian Empire.
* 636 — Battle of Yarmouk against the Byzantine Romans led to the conquest of the Levant by generals Amr ibn al-A'as,Khalid ibn al-Walid,Abu Ubaidah ibn al-Jarrah,Yazid ibn Abu Sufyan and Shurahbil ibn Hassana under Caliph Umar ibn al-Khattab.
* 636, Around this time the Battle of al-Qādisiyyah resulted in a decisive victory for Muslims in the Islamic conquest of Persia by General Sa`d ibn Abi Waqqas under Caliph Umar ibn al-Khattab.
* 637 — Occupation of Mesopotamia by followers of Prophet Muhammad
* 639 — Plague of Emmaus