Ball in and out of play

The ball in and out of play is the ninth law of the Laws of the Game of association football, and describes to the two basic states of play in the game.

In play

The ball remains "in play" from the beginning of each playing period to the end of that period, except when:

*The ball leaves the field by entirely crossing a goal line or touch line (this includes when a goal is scored); or
*Play is stopped by the referee (for example when a foul has been committed, a player is seriously injured, or the ball becomes defective).

Note that when the ball is in play it remains in play if it rebounds from a goalpost, crossbar, corner flag, referee or assistant referee, assuming that they are on the field of play at the time.

When the ball is in play players may play the ball, contest the ball, and goals may be scored.

Players are liable to punishment for committing either fouls or misconduct.

Substitutions may not occur whilst the ball is in play.

Out of play

When the ball has left the field of play or play has been stopped by the referee, it becomes "out of play" until play is recommenced by the appropriate restart.

When the ball is out of play the ball is "dead"; players must not play the ball or interfere with their opponents, and goals can not be scored.

By definition, fouls do not occur when the ball is out of play, however misconduct may occur.

Substitutions may only be made when the ball is out of play (and then only with the permission of the referee).

Restarts

When the ball becomes out of play, the ball is put back in to play be the appropriate restart. The restarts in football are:

* Kick-off: following a goal by the opposing team, or to begin each period of play. ( [http://www.fifa.com/en/laws/Laws8_01.htm Law 8] ).
* Throw-in: when the ball has wholly crossed the touchline; awarded to opposing team to that which last touched the ball. ( [http://www.fifa.com/en/laws/Laws15_01.htm Law 15] ).
* Goal kick: when the ball has wholly crossed the goal line without a goal having been scored and having last been touched by an attacker; awarded to defending team. ( [http://www.fifa.com/en/laws/Laws16_01.htm Law 16] ).
* Corner kick: when the ball has wholly crossed the goal line without a goal having been scored and having last been touched by a defender; awarded to attacking team. ( [http://www.fifa.com/en/laws/Laws17_01.htm Law 17] ).
* Indirect free kick: awarded to the opposing team following "non-penal" fouls, certain technical infringements, or when play is stopped to caution/send-off an opponent without a specific foul having occurred. ( [http://www.fifa.com/en/laws/Laws13_01.htm Law 13] ).
* Direct free kick: awarded to fouled team following certain listed "penal" fouls (like obstruction, off-the-ball tackle, off-side etc). ( [http://www.fifa.com/en/laws/Laws13_01.htm Law 13] ).
* Penalty kick: awarded to fouled team following "penal" foul having occurred in their opponent's penalty area. ( [http://www.fifa.com/en/laws/Laws14_01.htm Law 14] ).
* Dropped-ball: occurs when the referee has stopped play for any other reason (e.g. a serious injury to a player, interference by an external party, or a ball becoming defective). This restart is uncommon in adult games. ( [http://www.fifa.com/en/laws/Laws8_03.htm Law 8] ).

Once the ball is out of play, the only restart is the restart appropriate for the reason the ball went out of play in the first place; subsequent actions do not change the restart. For example, if the ball goes out of play because of a foul by Team A against Team B, the restart must be a free kick to Team B even if a Team B player strikes an opponent; offending Team B player would, however, be liable for misconduct (i.e. yellow card or red card).

Note, however, that the referee may change the "original" restart if he realises he has made an error or on the advice of his assistant referees, provided play has not yet restarted. For example, if the ball has gone out of play because the ball was kicked into goal by Team A and the referee has signalled that a goal has been scored, but then notices that an assistant referee has indicated a foul by a Team A player immediately before the goal was scored, the referee would change to the correct restart of a free kick to Team B where the foul occurred.