1944 in science

The year 1944 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.

Astronomy

*Hendrik van de Hulst predicts the 21 cm hyperfine line of neutral interstellar hydrogen.

Biology

*Oswald Avery and colleagues published the Avery-MacLeod-McCarty experiment: "Studies on the chemical nature of the substance inducing transformation of Pneumococcal types" (Avery, O.T., MacLeod, C.M. & McCarty, M. "Journal of Experimental Mededicine" February 1 issue.) The McCarty laboratory showed that a DNA molecule could carry an inheritable trait to a living organism. This was important because many biologists thought that proteins were the hereditary material and that nucleic acids were too simple chemically to serve as genetic storage molecules.

Chemistry

*Americium discovered by Glenn T. Seaborg, et al.
*Lars Onsager [http://prola.aps.org/abstract/PR/v65/i3-4/p117_1 publishes] the exact solution to the two-dimensional Ising model

Computer science

*August 7 - IBM dedicates the first program-controlled calculator, the Automatic Sequence Controlled Calculator, best known as the Harvard Mark I.

Medicine

*The antibiotic streptomycin is developed.

Technology

*December 9 - First flight of the Heinkel He 162 "Volksjäger", the second jet engined fighter aircraft to be fielded by the Luftwaffe in WWII.
*Erik Wallenberg and Ruben Rausing invent a way to package milk in paper and start the company Tetra Pak.
*First operational use of a snorkel on a submarine.
*First operational use of the V-2 rocket, the first ballistic missile.

Awards

*Nobel Prizes
**Physics - Isidor Isaac Rabi
**Chemistry - Otto Hahn
**Medicine - Joseph Erlanger, Herbert Spencer Gasser

Births

* August 24 - Gregory Jarvis (d. 1986), astronaut.

Deaths

* November 2 - Thomas Midgley (b. 1889), American chemist and inventor.
* November 22 - Arthur Eddington (b. 1882), astrophysicist.