Gibberellic acid

Gibberellic acid

Chembox new
ImageFile = Gibberellic acid.svg
ImageSize = 240px
IUPACName =
OtherNames =
Section1 = Chembox Identifiers
CASNo = 77-06-5
EINECS = 201-001-0
PubChem = 522636
SMILES =
ChEBI = 28833
Section2 = Chembox Properties
Formula = C19H22O6
MolarMass = 346.38 g/mol
Appearance =
Density =
MeltingPt = 233 - 235 °C (decomposition)
BoilingPt =
Solubility = 5 g/l (20 °C)
Section3 = Chembox Hazards
EUClass = Irritant (Xi)
RPhrases = R36
SPhrases = R26, S36
MainHazards =
FlashPt =
Autoignition =

Gibberellic acid (also called Gibberellin A3, GA, and (GA3) is a hormone found in plants. Its chemical formula is C19H22O6. When purified, it is a white-to-pale-yellow crystalline powder, soluble in ethanol and slightly soluble in water.

Gibberellic acid is a simple gibberellin, promoting growth and elongation of cells. It affects decomposition of plants and helps plants grow if used in small amounts, but eventually plants develop tolerance for it. Gibberellic acid stimulates the cells of germinating seeds to produce mRNA molecules that code for hydrolytic enzymes. Gibberellic acid is a very potent hormone whose natural occurrence in plants controls their development. Since GA regulates growth, applications of very low concentrations can have a profound effect while too much will have the opposite effect. It is usually used in concentrations between 0.01-10 mg/L.

GA was first identified in Japan in 1935, as a metabolic byproduct of the plant pathogen "Gibberella fujikuroi" (thus the name), which afflicts rice plants; "fujikuroi"-infected plants develop bakanae ("foolish seedling"), which causes them to grow so much taller than normal that they die from no longer being sturdy enough to support their own weight.

Gibberellins have a number of effects on plant development. They can:

1) stimulate rapid stem growth,

2) induce mitotic division in the leaves of some plants,

3) increase seed germination rate.

Gibberellic acid is sometimes used in laboratory and greenhouse settings to trigger germination in seeds that would otherwise remain dormant. It is also widely used in the grape-growing industry as a hormone to induce the production of larger bundles and bigger grapes, especially Thompson seedless grapes, and in the Okanagan it is used in the cherry industry as a growth regulator.

ee also

*Gibberellin
*Plant hormone
*6-Benzylaminopurine

External links

* [http://ptcl.chem.ox.ac.uk/MSDS/GI/gibberellic_acid.html Safety MSDS data]
* [http://webbook.nist.gov/cgi/cbook.cgi?ID=77-06-5&Units=SI Synonyms at webbook.nist.gov]
* [http://www.crfg.org/tidbits/gibberellic.html www.crfg.org]


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Look at other dictionaries:

  • gibberellic acid — n. (Chem.), A plant growth hormone of the gibberellin series ({C19H22O6}), also called {gibberellin A3}. It was first isolated from the fungus {Gibberella fujikuroi}. It is used to promote the growth of seedlings. See also {gibberellin}. MI11… …   The Collaborative International Dictionary of English

  • gibberellic acid — [jib΄ər el′ik] n. [< GIBBERELLIN + IC] an acid, C19H22O6, isolated from various fungi and other plants, and used to increase the growth of plants and seedlings and to improve the yield of certain fruit bearing plants …   English World dictionary

  • gibberellic acid — gibberellin gibberellin n. (Chem.), Any of a number plant growth hormones, the first of which was isolated in 1938 from the fungus {Gibberella fujikuroi}; more than 60 related gibberelins are known. The most important is {gibberellin A3}, also… …   The Collaborative International Dictionary of English

  • gibberellic acid — noun Date: 1954 a crystalline acid C19H22O6 that is a gibberellin used especially in the malting of barley …   New Collegiate Dictionary

  • gibberellic acid — noun a crystalline acid associated with gibberellin • Hypernyms: ↑gibberellin …   Useful english dictionary

  • gibberellic acid — /jib euh rel ik, jib / a gibberellin C18H21O4COOH, produced as a metabolite by the fungus Gibberella fujikuroi, used as a stimulator of plant growth. [1950 55; < NL Gibberell(a) (L gibber hump + ella ELLA) + IC] * * * …   Universalium

  • gibberellic acid — noun An organic compound, one of the gibberellins, obtained from the fungus Gibberella fujikuroi, that functions as a growth hormone in plants …   Wiktionary

  • gibberellic acid — An auxin, i.e., a plant hormone which stimulates growth; most prominent of the plant growth promoting metabolites of Gibberella fujikuroi. Used as a plant growth regulator and promoter, especially the growth of seedlings. Used also as a food… …   Medical dictionary

  • gibberellic acid — (Botany) any of several crystalline acids that are naturally found in plants and serve as growth factors (also used in the food industry) …   English contemporary dictionary

  • gibberellic acid — gib′ber•el′lic ac′id [[t]ˈdʒɪb əˈrɛl ɪk, ˌdʒɪb [/t]] n. biochem. bot chem. a gibberellin, C19H22O6, produced as a metabolite by the fungus Gibberella fujikuroi, used as a stimulator of plant growth • Etymology: 1950–55 …   From formal English to slang

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