Haplogroup J (mtDNA)

Haplogroup J (mtDNA)

Haplogroup J is a human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup. Haplogroup J derives from the haplogroup JT, which also gave rise to Haplogroup T. In his popular book "The Seven Daughters of Eve", Bryan Sykes named the originator of this mtDNA haplogroup "Jasmine". Within the field of medical genetics, certain polymorphisms specific to haplogroup J have been associated with Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy. [ [http://class.csuhayward.edu/faculty/gmiller/3710/DNA_PDFS/mtDNA/mtHap_J_thesis.pdf Miller G. mtDNA Thesis] ]

Origins

Around 45,000 years before present, a mutation took place in the DNA of a woman who lived in the Caucasus region. Further mutations took place in the J line which can be identified as J1a1 (27,000 yrs ago), J2a (19,000 yrs ago), J2b2 (16,000 years ago), J2b3 (5,800 yrs ago), etc. Haplogroup J (along with ‘T’) is associated with the spread of farming and herding in Europe during the Neolithic Era (8,000-10,000 yrs ago). All other West Eurasian-origin groups (H, V, U, K, W, I, X) were previously given to hunting and gathering.

Locale

Average frequency of J Haplogroup as a whole is highest in the Near East (12%), followed by Europe (11%), Caucasus (8%) and North Africa (6%). Of the two main sub-groups, J1 takes up four-fifths of the total and is spread on the continent while J2 is more localised around the Mediterranean, Greece, Italy/Sardinia and Spain. In Pakistan, where West Eurasian lineages occur at frequencies of up to 50% in some ethno-linguistic groups, J1 averages around 5%, while J2 occurrence is very rare. Intriguingly, however, it is found amongst 9% of Kalash, a small ethnic community dwelling in the Hindu Kush mountains of Pakistan.

Distribution within Europe

Within Europe, >2% frequency distribution of mtDNA J is as follows [ [http://www.upf.edu/cexs/recerca/bioevo/2000BioEvo/BE2000-Simoni-mtDNA-AJHG.pdf# BioEvolution on UPF web site] ] :

J* = Ireland - 12%, England-Wales - 11%, Scotland - 9%, Orkney - 8%, Germany - 7%, Russia (European) - 7%, Iceland - 7%, Austria-Switzerland - 5%, Finland-Estonia - 5%, Spain-Portugal - 4%, France-Italy - 3%

J1a = Austria-Switzerland - 3%

J1b1 = Scotland - 4%

J2 = France-Italy - 2%

J2a = Homogenously spread in Europe. Absent in the nations around the Caucasus. Not known to be found elsewhere. [http://class.csuhayward.edu/faculty/gmiller/3710/DNA_PDFS/mtDNA/mtHap_J_thesis.pdf]

J2b1 = Virtually absent in Europe. Found in diverse forms in the Near East. [http://class.csuhayward.edu/faculty/gmiller/3710/DNA_PDFS/mtDNA/mtHap_J_thesis.pdf]

Coalescence times for the subclades of mitochondrial haplogroup J

*Typographical error from original source material as per time table describing the spread of populations given in the same study.

References

See also

*Human mitochondrial genetics

External links

* [http://www.familytreedna.com/public/J1/ J1 (& subclades) mt-Haplogroup project at FTDNA]
* [http://www.familytreedna.com/public/mtJ2/ J2 (& subclades) mt-Haplogroup project at FTDNA]
* [http://www.fasebj.org/cgi/content/full/13/12/1532 mt Haplogroup J & Longevity; Article mentioning "frequency of the J haplogroup was notably higher in centenarians than in younger individuals"] [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?holding=npg&cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=10463944&dopt=Abstract] [http://www.springerlink.com/content/7u52mpx84u9x70rm/]

* [https://www3.nationalgeographic.com/genographic/atlas.html?card=mm018 Spread of Haplogroup J] , from "National Geographic"

* [http://www.upf.edu/cexs/recerca/bioevo/2000BioEvo/BE2000-Simoni-mtDNA-AJHG.pdf# Patterns of mtDNA Diversity in Europe, Lucia Simoni, 2000.]

* [http://www.utlib.ee/ekollekt/diss/mag/2004/b16664851/Serk.pdf Human Mitochondrial Haplogroup J in Europe and Near East, Piia Serk, 2004.]


Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.

Игры ⚽ Нужен реферат?

Look at other dictionaries:

  • Haplogroup U (mtDNA) — Haplogroup U Possible time of origin 55,000 BP Possible place of origin Western Asia Ancestor R Descendants U1, U5, U6, U2 3 4 7 8 9 Defining mutations 11467, 12308, 12372 …   Wikipedia

  • Haplogroup H (mtDNA) — Haplogroup H Possible time of origin 25,000 30,000 YBP Possible place of origin Southwest Asia[1] Ancestor HV[1] …   Wikipedia

  • Haplogroup N (mtDNA) — Haplogroup N Possible time of origin Approx. 71,000 YBP[1][1] Possible place of …   Wikipedia

  • Haplogroup M (mtDNA) — In human genetics, Haplogroup M is a human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup. An enormous haplogroup spanning many continents, the macro haplogroup M is a branch of the haplogroup L3. M is believed to have originated in Asia [Gonzalez et al.,… …   Wikipedia

  • Haplogroup L1 (mtDNA) — In human genetics, Haplogroup L1 is a human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup.Haplogroup L1 is found in West and Central sub Saharan Africa. Some of its branches (L1d, L1k, L1a, L1f) were recently re classified into haplogroup L0 as L0d, L0k,… …   Wikipedia

  • Haplogroup N1a (mtDNA) — In human genetics Haplogroup N1a is a mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup.N1a is a rare haplogroup as it currently appears in only .18% .2% of regional populations. It is widely distributed throughout Eurasia and Northern Africa and is divided… …   Wikipedia

  • Haplogroup L3 (mtDNA) — Haplogroup L3 Possible time of origin 84,000 to 104,000 YBP [1] Possible place of origin East Africa[2 …   Wikipedia

  • Haplogroup K (mtDNA) — Haplogroup K is a mitochondrial lineage that represents a sizeable fraction of the Western Eurasian genetic pool. It is the most common subclade of haplogroup U8 [ [http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471 2164/7/124 A. González et al. The mitochondrial …   Wikipedia

  • Haplogroup T (mtDNA) — Haplogroup T is a human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup. Haplogroup T derives from the haplogroup JT, which also gave rise to Haplogroup J. Haplogroup T is believed to have originated in Mesopotamia approximately 10,000 years before present …   Wikipedia

  • Haplogroup V (mtDNA) — Haplogroup V Possible time of origin 13,600 YBP [1] Possible place of origin Western Mediterranean Ancestor HV0a Descendants V1, V2, V3, V4, V5, V6, V7, V8, V9 Defining mutation …   Wikipedia

Share the article and excerpts

Direct link
Do a right-click on the link above
and select “Copy Link”