Canton of St. Gallen

Infobox Canton
short_name = St. Gallen
local_names = St. Gallen
capital = St. Gallen
coord = coord|47|20|N|9|10|E|region:CH-SG_type:adm1st|display=title
flag_img_path = Flag of Canton of Sankt Gallen.svg
coa_img_path = St.Gallen-coat of arms.svg
locatormap_img_path = Swiss Canton Map SG.pngcantonalmap_img_path = Map of Canton Sankt Gallen.pngarea = 2026
area_rank = 6th
area_scale = 9
population = 461,810
population_rank = 5th
population_asof = 2006
population_density = 223
since = 1803
abbr = SG
languages = German
executive = Regierungsrat
executive_members = 7
legislative = Kantonsrat
parliament_members = 180
highest = Ringelspitz
highest_m = 3248
lowest = Lake Constance
lowest_m = 396
municipalities_number= 90
districts_designation= Wahlkreise
districts_number = 8The Canton of St. Gallen (German: "Kanton Audio|De-StGallen.ogg|St. Gallen") is a canton of Switzerland. St. Gallen is located in the north east of Switzerland. It covers an area of 2,026 km², and has a population as of 2006 of 461,810. The capital is St. Gallen. There are alternative spellings for the canton: "St. Gall", "Saint Gall", "Saint Gallen".

Cities and towns

Cities (with more than 10,000 inhabitants):
* St. Gallen (70,000 inh.)
* Rapperswil-Jona (24,400)
* Gossau (16,941)
* Wil (16,443)
* Uzwil (11,997)
* Altstätten (10,372)
* Buchs (10,255)

Geography

The canton is located in the north east of Switzerland. It is bounded to the north by Lake Constance ("Bodensee"). To the east lies the Rhine valley. Over the Rhine are Austria (state of Vorarlberg) and Liechtenstein. To the south, the canton of St. Gallen is bounded by the cantons of Graubünden, Glarus and Schwyz. To the west lie the cantons of Zürich and Thurgau.

The two half cantons Appenzell Innerrhoden and Appenzell Ausserrhoden are completely surrounded by lands of the canton of St. Gallen.

The main rivers of the canton are the Rhine, Thur, Linth and Seez. The topography changes from the plains, near river Rhine and Lake Constance, towards the mountainous areas of the Alps in the south (Appenzell Alps and Glarus Alps). About one quarter of the land is covered in forests and more than half consists of Alpine pastures.

History

The lands of the canton St. Gallen represent acquisitions of the abbey of St. Gallen over centuries. The canton of St. Gallen was part of the canton of Säntis during the Helvetic Republic. This was only possible after secularizing the abbey in 1798. In 1803 the area joined the Swiss Confederation as canton St. Gallen. The constitution was established in 1890.

Economy

Agricultural activity consists predominantly of dairy farming and cattle breeding in the mountainous areas. In the plains fruit and wine production are important, but there is also mixed farming.

Industries of the canton include optical goods, pyrotechnics, chemicals and pharmaceuticals. Tourism plays an important role in the many resorts. There is a thermal spa in Bad Ragaz and an other in St. Margrethen and a great number of winter sports facilities.

Constituencies and municipalities

The canton is subdivided in following constituencies ("Wahlkreise"). The structure replaced districts ("Bezirke") on January 1, 2003:

;St. Gallen with 113,019 inhabitants : municipalities St. Gallen, Eggersriet, Wittenbach, Häggenschwil, Muolen, Waldkirch, Andwil, Gossau and Gaiserwald)

;Wil with 67,416 inhabitants : municipalities Jonschwil, Oberuzwil, Uzwil, Flawil, Degersheim, Wil, Bronschhofen, Zuzwil, Oberbüren, Niederbüren and Niederhelfenschwil

;Rheintal with 62,523 inhabitants : municipalities Rheineck, St. Margrethen, Au, Berneck, Balgach, Diepoldsau, Widnau, Rebstein, Marbach, Altstätten, Eichberg, Oberriet and Rüthi

;See-Gaster with 58,492 inhabitants : municipalities Amden, Weesen, Schänis, Benken, Kaltbrunn, Rieden, Gommiswald, Ernetschwil, Uznach, Schmerikon, Rapperswil-Jona (separated until 2007), Eschenbach, Goldingen and St. Gallenkappel

;Toggenburg with 45,381 inhabitants : municipalities Wildhaus, Alt St. Johann, Stein, Nesslau, Krummenau, Ebnat-Kappel, Wattwil, Lichtensteig, Oberhelfenschwil, Brunnadern, Hemberg, St. Peterzell, Krinau, Bütschwil, Lütisburg, Mosnang, Kirchberg, Mogelsberg and Ganterschwil)

;Rorschach with 39,395 inhabitants : municipalities Mörschwil, Goldach, Steinach, Berg, Tübach, Untereggen, Rorschacherberg, Rorschach and Thal

;Sarganserland with 35,553 inhabitants : municipalities Sargans, Vilters-Wangs, Bad Ragaz, Pfäfers, Mels, Flums, Walenstadt and Quarten

;Werdenberg with 33,414 inhabitants : municipalities Sennwald, Gams, Grabs, Buchs, Sevelen and Wartau

See Municipalities of the canton of St. Gallen for an alphabetical list.

External links

* [http://www.sg.ch Official Page] de icon
* [http://www.stadt-st-gallen.ch City of St. Gallen] de icon