Mesothelium
Translation- Mesothelium
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Mesothelium 
Micrograph of benign mesothelial cells. Peritoneal wash. Pap stain. 
A layer of mesothelial cells grown in cell culture, featuring the typical "cobblestone" appearance MeSH Mesothelium Code TH H2.00.02.0.02017
TH H3.04.08.0.00003The mesothelium is a membrane that forms the lining of several body cavities: the pleura (thoracic cavity), peritoneum (abdominal cavity including the mesentery) and pericardium (heart sac). Mesothelial tissue also surrounds the male internal reproductive organs (the tunica vaginalis testis) and covers the internal reproductive organs of women (the tunica serosa uteri). Mesothelium that covers the internal organs is called visceral mesothelium, while the layer that covers the body walls is called the parietal mesothelium.
It is a form of simple squamous epithelium.[1]
Contents
Origin
Mesothelium derives from the embryonic mesoderm cell layer, that lines the coelom (body cavity) in the embryo. It develops into the layer of cells that covers and protects most of the internal organs of the body.
Structure
The mesothelium forms a monolayer of flattened squamous-like epithelial cells resting on a thin basement membrane supported by Dense irregular connective tissue. Cuboidal mesothelial cells may be found at areas of injury, the milky spots of the omentum, and the peritoneal side of the diaphragm overlaying the lymphatic lacunae. The luminal surface is covered with microvilli. The proteins and serosal fluid trapped by the microvilli provide a frictionless surface for internal organs to slide past one another.
Function
The mesothelium is composed of an extensive monolayer of specialized cells (mesothelial cells) that line the body's serous cavities and internal organs. The main purpose of these cells is to produce a lubricating fluid that is released between layers,[2] providing a slippery, non-adhesive and protective surface to facilitate intracoelomic movement.
The mesothelium is also implicated in the transport and movement of fluid and particulate matter across the serosal cavities, leukocyte migration in response to inflammatory mediators, synthesis of pro-inflammatory cytokines, growth factors and extracellular matrix proteins to aid in serosal repair, and the release of factors to promote the disposition and clearance of fibrin (such as plasminogen). It is an antigen presenting cell. Furthermore, the secretion of glycosaminoglycans and lubricants may protect the body against infection and tumor dissemination.
Role in disease
- Mesothelioma: (cancer of the mesothelium) is a disease in which cells of the mesothelium become abnormal and divide without control or order. They can invade and damage nearby tissues and organs. Cancer cells can also metastasize (spread) from their original site to other parts of the body. Most cases of mesothelioma begin in the pleura or peritoneum. More than 90% of mesothelioma cases are linked to asbestos exposure.
- Intra-abdominal adhesions: Normally, the mesothelium secretes plasminogen, which removes fibrin deposits. During surgical procedures, the mesothelium may be damaged. Its fibrinolytic capacity becomes insufficient and fibrin accumulates, causing fibrous adhesions between opposing surfaces. These adhesions cause intestinal obstruction and female infertility if it occurs in the abdomen, and may impair cardiac and lung function in the thorax.
- Ultrafiltration failure: The peritoneal mesothelium is implicated in the long-term development of ultrafiltration failure in peritoneal dialysis patients. The presence of supra-physiological glucose concentrations, acidity, and glucose degradation products in peritoneal dialysis fluids contribute to the fibrosis of the peritoneal mesothelium, either by epithelial-mesenchymal transition or increased proliferation of existing fibroblasts. A fibrosed peritoneum results in the increased passage of solutes across the peritoneum and ultrafiltration failure.
References
- ^ Victor P. Eroschenko (2008). Di Fiore's atlas of histology with functional correlations. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. pp. 31–. ISBN 9780781770576. http://books.google.com/books?id=JZoTjdNSlpQC&pg=PA31. Retrieved 28 May 2011.
- ^ Leopold G. Koss; Myron R. Melamed (2006). Koss' diagnostic cytology and its histopathologic bases. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. pp. 124–. ISBN 9780781719285. http://books.google.com/books?id=8dDBAoShGV0C&pg=PA124. Retrieved 28 May 2011.
External links
- Mesothelioma: Questions and Answers (National Cancer Institute).
- Histology at KUMC epithel-epith01 "Mesothelium"
- Histology at BU 00102loa - "Tissues, Layers, and Organs: transverse section of rat gut"
Epithelial cells Surface epithelium Simple squamous epithelium (Endothelium, Mesothelium)
Pseudostratified columnar epithelium (Respiratory epithelium)
Stratified squamous epithelium
Stratified cuboidal epithelium
Stratified columnar epithelium
Transitional epithelium/UrotheliumGland/
glandular epitheliumMechanismShapeSecretionSerous glands · Mucous glandsComponentssee also Template:Epithelial neoplasmsCategories:- Tissues
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Look at other dictionaries:
Mesothelium — Mes o*the li*um, n. [NL., fr. Gr. me sos middle + E. epithelium.] (Biol.) Epithelial mesoderm; a layer of cuboidal epithelium cells, formed from a portion of the mesoderm during the differetiation of the germ layers. It constitutes the boundary… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
mesothelium — мезотелий … Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь
mesothelium — noun (plural mesothelia) Etymology: New Latin, from mes + epithelium Date: 1886 epithelium derived from mesoderm that lines the body cavity of a vertebrate embryo and gives rise to epithelia (as of the peritoneum, pericardium, and pleura),… … New Collegiate Dictionary
Mesothelium — Mésothélium Le mésothélium est un tissu biologique constitué d une couche de cellules épithéliales simple pavimenteux qui tapisse la surface interne des cavités séreuses de l organisme. Les cellules sont unies entre elles par des complexes de… … Wikipédia en Français
mesothelium — Simple squamous epithelium of mesodermal origin. It lines the peritoneal, pericardial and pleural cavities and the synovial space of joints. The cells may be phagocytic … Dictionary of molecular biology
mesothelium — mesothelial, adj. /mez euh thee lee euhm, mes , mee zeuh , seuh /, n., pl. mesothelia / lee euh/. Anat., Embryol. epithelium of mesodermal origin, which lines the body cavities. [1885 90; MESO + (EPI)THELIUM] * * * … Universalium
mesothelium — мезотелий … Англо-русский технический словарь
mesothelium — noun A membrane of flat cells that lines the body cavity of embryos and forms the squamous cells of the peritoneum, pericardium, and pleura … Wiktionary
mesothelium — A single layer of flattened cells forming an epithelium that lines serous cavities; e.g., peritoneum, pleura, pericardium. [meso + epithelium] … Medical dictionary
Мезотелий (Mesothelium) — однослойный плоский эпителий, выстилающий серозные оболочки. Мезотелий образуется из эмбриональной мезодермы. Для сравнения: Эпителий. Источник: Медицинский словарь … Медицинские термины