List of regions by past GDP (PPP)

These are lists of regions and countries sorted by their estimated real gross domestic product (GDP) in terms of purchasing power parity (PPP), the value of all final goods and services produced within a country/region in a given year.Fact|date=November 2007. GDP dollar (international dollar) estimates here are derived from PPP estimates.

It is important to note that for the earlier dates there is an almost complete lack of the kind of hard data that today is used to calculate GDP values.Fact|date=January 2008 Furthermore even population estimates for the different countries during those time periods often vary by 50% and more.Fact|date=January 2008

In some of these lists, the term "country" corresponds to the geographical region of the country being referred to, not the country itself.Fact|date=January 2008 Most of the information below is based on estimates by economic historian Angus Maddison, former professor at Groningen University. Estimates are for the periods from the 1st century to 1998, with figures in millions of international dollars. Shares of world GDP are also given. It should also be noted that these are estimates mainly from Angus Maddison's work and several other economists have created different rank lists.

Maddison' assumptions have been criticized and admired by academics and journalists. Bryan Haig, who has characterized Maddison's figures for 19th century Australia as "inaccurate and irrelevant" [Haig, Bryan. 2005. "Review of "The World Economy: Historical Statistics" by Angus Maddison," "Economic Reports", volume 81.] , by John Caldwell, in whose assessment Maddison's arguments have a "dangerous circularity" [Caldwell, John C. (Sept. 2002), [http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0098-7921%28200209%2928%3A3%3C559%3ATWEAMP%3E2.0.CO%3B2-J "Reviewed Work(s): "The World Economy: A Millennial Perspective" by Angus Maddison"] , "Population and Development Review", Vol. 28, No. 3., pp. 559-561.] , by W. W. Rostow, according to whom, "This excessive macroeconomic bias also causes him (Maddison) to mis-date, in my view, the beginning of what he calls the capitalist era at 1820 rather than, say, the mid-1780s [Rostow, W. W.. [http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0022-0507%28198512%2945%3A4%3C1026%3APOCD%3E2.0.CO%3B2-2 "Reviewed Work(s): "Phases of Capitalist Development." by Angus Maddison,"] "The Journal of Economic History", Vol. 45, No. 4. (Dec., 1985), pp. 1026-1028.] , and by W. J. MacPherson who has described Maddison's work on India and Pakistan of using "dubious comparative data." [MacPherson, W. J. [http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0013-0133%28197212%2982%3A328%3C1470%3ACSAEGI%3E2.0.CO%3B2-4 "Reviewed Work(s): "Class Structure and Economic Growth. India and Pakistan since the Moghuls" by Angus Maddison."] "The Economic Journal", Vol. 82, No. 328. (Dec., 1972), pp. 1470-1472.]

Economist and Journalist Evan Davis has praised Maddison's research by citing it as a "fantastic publication" and that it was "based on the detailed scholarship of the world expert on historical economic data Angus Maddison." He also added that "One shouldn't read the book in the belief the statistics are accurate to 12 decimal places." [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/4337203.stm.]

1st century

1600

1870

1973

1998

Notes

Bibliography

*Angus Maddison. [http://www.oecdbookshop.org/oecd/display.asp?K=5LMQCR2KHV6C&lang=EN&sort=sort_date%2Fd&sf1=kwords&st1=maddison&sf3=SubjectCode&st4=not+E4+or+E5+or+P5&sf4=SubVersionCode&ds=maddison%3B+All+Subjects%3B+&m=14&dc=27&plang=en "The World Economy: A Millennial Perspective"] . OECD, Paris, 2001.
*Angus Maddison. [http://www.oecdbookshop.org/oecd/display.asp?K=5LMQCR2K1TG3&lang=EN&sort=sort_date%2Fd&sf1=kwords&st1=maddison&sf3=SubjectCode&st4=not+E4+or+E5+or+P5&sf4=SubVersionCode&ds=maddison%3B+All+Subjects%3B+&m=8&dc=27&plang=en "The World Economy: Historical Statistics"] . OECD, Paris, 2003.
* cite journal | last = Goldsmith | first = Raymond W. | authorlink = | coauthors = | year = 1984 | month = | title = An estimate of the size and structure of the national product of the Early Roman Empire | journal = Review of Income and Wealth | volume = 30 | issue = 3 | pages = 263–288 | doi = 10.1111/j.1475-4991.1984.tb00552.x | url = http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1475-4991.1984.tb00552.x | accessdate = | quote =
* cite journal | last = Milanovic | first = Branko | authorlink = | coauthors = | year = 2006 | month = | title = An estimate of average income and inequality in Byzantium around year 1000 | journal = Review of Income and Wealth | volume = 52 | issue = 3 | pages = 449–470 | doi = 10.1111/j.1475-4991.2006.00198.x | url = http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1475-4991.2006.00198.x | accessdate = | quote =

ee also

* Economic history;Region specific
* List of African countries by GDP PPP
* List of Asian countries by GDP PPP
* List of European countries by GDP PPP
* List of CIS countries by GDP PPP
* List of North American countries by GDP PPP
* List of South American countries by GDP PPP
* List of States in US by gross state product

External links

* [http://devdata.worldbank.org/query/default.htm World GDP (PPP) from 1975-2005 on by the Worldbank]