Illicit antiquities

Illicit antiquities

Illicit antiquities are antiquities, or artifacts of archaeological interest, found in illegal or unregulated excavations, and traded covertly.

The global trade in illicit antiquities connects black-market activities in the countries of origin, by smuggling, to sales through international dealers and auction houses. Some estimates put its annual turnover in billions of US dollars. See American Council for Cultural Policy.

It is believed by many archaeologists and cultural heritage lawyers that the circulation, marketing and collectorship of ancient artifacts, the demand that it creates, cause the continuous looting and destruction of archaeological sites around the world [See e.g. Colin Renfrew, "Loot, legitimacy and ownership: the ethical crisis in archaeology". London: Duckworth, 2000. Also more recently Neil Brodie and Colin Renfrew, " [http://arjournals.annualreviews.org/doi/abs/10.1146/annurev.anthro.34.081804.120551 Looting and the world's archaeological heritage: the inadequate response] " "Annual Review of Anthropology" 34 (2005) 43-61.] . Archaeological artifacts are internationally protected by the Hague Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict and their circulation is prohibited by the UNESCO Convention on the Means of Prohibiting and Preventing the Illicit Import, Export and Transfer of Ownership of Cultural Property [ [http://www.unesco.org/culture/laws/1970/html_eng/page1.shtml UNESCO] .]

ee also

*Marion True
*Euphronios krater
*Sevso Treasure
*Denyse Berend
*Grave robbing
*Leon Levy
*"The Night of Counting the Years"

Notes

Further reading

* Neil Brodie and Kathryn Walker Tubb (editors), "Illicit Antiquities: The Theft of Culture and the Extinction of Archaeology", (Routledge, 2002) ISBN 0203165462
* Roger Attwood, "Stealing History: Tomb Raiders, Smugglers, and the Looting of the Ancient World" (St. Martins, 2004) ISBN 0312324065
* Michael Carrington: "Officers Gentlemen and Thieves: The Looting of Monasteries during the 1903/4 Younghusband Mission to Tibet", "Modern Asian Studies 37", 1 (2003), pp 81-109.
* Fabio Maniscalco, "Furti d'autore", (Massa, 2001).Peter Watson and Cecilia Todeschini, "The Medici Conspiracy: The Illicit Journey of Looted Antiquities"

External links

* [http://www.mcdonald.cam.ac.uk/iarc/home.htm Illicit Antiquities Research Centre]
* [http://www.savingantiquities.org/f-culher-illanttrade.htm SAFE page]
* [http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2006/10/061024-hawass.html Egypt's Director of Antiquities give interview]


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