Moritz von Jacobi

Moritz von Jacobi
Moritz Hermann von Jacobi

Moritz Hermann von Jacobi
Born September 9, 1801(1801-09-09)
Potsdam, Kingdom of Prussia
Died March 10, 1874(1874-03-10) (aged 72)
Saint Petersburg, Russian Empire
Residence Prussia, Russian Empire
Nationality German
Fields Physics, Engineering
Institutions Russian Academy of Sciences
Known for Maximum power theorem

Moritz Hermann (Boris Semyonovich) von Jacobi (Russian: Борис Семёнович (Морис-Герман) Якоби) (September 21, 1801 – March 10, 1874) was a Jewish German engineer and physicist born in Potsdam. Jacobi worked mainly in Russia. He furthered progress in galvanoplastics, electric motors, and wire telegraphy.

Contents

Motors

In 1834 he began to study magnetic motors. In 1835 moved to Dorpat (now Tartu, Estonia) to lecture at Dorpat University. He moved to Saint Petersburg in 1837 to research usage of electromagnetic forces for moving machines for Russian Academy of Sciences. He investigated the power of an electromagnet in motors and generators. While studying the transfer of power from a battery to an electric motor, he deduced the maximum power theorem. Jacobi tested motors output by determining the amount of zinc consumed by the battery. With financial assistance of Czar Nicholas, Jacobi constructed in 1839 a 28 foot electric motor boat powered by battery cells. The boat carried 14 passengers on Neva river against the current. The boat fared at the speed of three miles for hour.

Jacobi's Law

Circuit Diagram
Circuit Diagram


Power is being transferred from the source,
with voltage V and resistance RS,
to a load with resistance RL,
resulting in a current I. I is simply
the source voltage divided by the total


circuit resistance

The law known as the maximum power theorem states:

"Maximum power is transferred when the internal resistance of the source equals the resistance of the load, when the external resistance can be varied, and the internal resistance is constant."

The transfer of maximum power from a source with a fixed internal resistance to a load, the resistance of the load must be the same as that of the source. This law is of use when driving a load such as an electric motor from a battery. Jacobi obtained his theorem by common sense.

Electrotyping and telegraphy

In 1838, he discovered galvanoplastics, or electrotyping, a method of making printing plates by electroplating. The way in which this works is analogous to a battery acting in reverse. The stereotype was an impression taken from a form of movable lead type and used for printing instead of the original type. This technique is used in relief printing.

He also worked on the development of the electric telegraph. In 1842-1845 he built a telegraph line between Saint Petersburg and Tsarskoe Selo using an underground cable. In 1867 he was a Russian delegate to the Commission on measurement units at the Paris World's Fair. He was a strong proponent of the metric system.

Family

He was a brother of the mathematician Carl Gustav Jacob Jacobi.[1]

Notes

External links



Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.

Игры ⚽ Поможем сделать НИР

Look at other dictionaries:

  • Moritz Von Jacobi — Pour les articles homonymes, voir Jacobi. Moritz Hermann von Jacobi Moritz Hermann (Boris Semyonovich) von Jacobi ( …   Wikipédia en Français

  • Moritz von jacobi — Pour les articles homonymes, voir Jacobi. Moritz Hermann von Jacobi Moritz Hermann (Boris Semyonovich) von Jacobi ( …   Wikipédia en Français

  • Moritz von Jacobi — Pour les articles homonymes, voir Jacobi. Moritz von Jacobi Moritz Hermann von Jacobi Naissance …   Wikipédia en Français

  • Moritz von Jacobi — Moritz Hermann von Jacobi Moritz Hermann von Jacobi (* 21. September 1801 in Potsdam; † 10. März 1874 in Sankt Petersburg) war ein deutscher und russischer Physiker und Ingenieur. Er war ein Bruder des Mathematikers Carl Gustav Jakob …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • Moritz Hermann Jacobi — Moritz Hermann von Jacobi Moritz Hermann von Jacobi (* 21. September 1801 in Potsdam; † 10. März 1874 in Sankt Petersburg) war ein deutscher und russischer Physiker und Ingenieur. Er war ein Bruder des Mathematikers Carl Gustav Jakob …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • Moritz Hermann von Jacobi — Moritz Hermann Jacobi, Lithographie von Rudolf Hoffmann, 1856 Moritz Hermann von Jacobi (* 21. September 1801 in Potsdam; † 27. Februarjul./ 11. März 1874greg. in San …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • Von Jacobi — Moritz Hermann von Jacobi Moritz Hermann von Jacobi (* 21. September 1801 in Potsdam; † 10. März 1874 in Sankt Petersburg) war ein deutscher und russischer Physiker und Ingenieur. Er war ein Bruder des Mathematikers Carl Gustav Jakob …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • Jacobi (surname) — The surname Jacobi (pronEng|ˈdʒækəbi) may refer to:* Abraham Jacobi (1830–1919), Prussian American revolutionary and pediatrician * Bruce Jacobi (1935 1987), American NASCAR driver * Carl Gustav Jakob Jacobi (1804–1851), Prussian mathematician… …   Wikipedia

  • Jacobi — Cette page d’homonymie répertorie les différents sujets et articles partageant un même nom. Patronyme Jacobi est un nom de famille notamment porté par : Johann Georg Jacobi (1740 1814), poète allemand ; Friedrich Heinrich Jacobi (1743… …   Wikipédia en Français

  • Jacobi — ist der Familienname folgender Personen: Abraham Jacobi (1830–1919), deutsch US amerikanischer Kinderarzt Albano von Jacobi (1854–1928), deutscher Offizier und Diplomat Ariane Jacobi (* 1966), deutsche Jazzsängerin und Moderatorin Arnold Jacobi… …   Deutsch Wikipedia

Share the article and excerpts

Direct link
Do a right-click on the link above
and select “Copy Link”