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Lower Sorbian language

Lower Sorbian language
Lower Sorbian
Dolnoserbski, Dolnoserbšćina
Pronunciation [ˈdɔlnɔˌsɛrskʲi]
Spoken in Germany
Region Brandenburg
Native speakers 7,000  (1995)
Language family
Writing system Latin (Sorbian alphabet)
Language codes
ISO 639-2 dsb
ISO 639-3 dsb
Linguasphere 53-AAA-ba < 53-AAA-b <53-AAA-b...-d (varieties: 53-AAA-baa to 53-AAA-bah)
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Lower Sorbian (Dolnoserbski) is a Slavic minority language spoken in eastern Germany in the historical province of Lower Lusatia, today part of Brandenburg. It is one of the two literary Sorbian languages, the other being Upper Sorbian.

Lower Sorbian is spoken in and around the city of Cottbus in Brandenburg. Signs in this region are usually bilingual, and Cottbus has a Gymnasium where the language of instruction is Lower Sorbian.

Contents

Phonology

Bilingual road sign in Cottbus, Germany

The phonology of Lower Sorbian has been greatly influenced by contact with German, especially in Cottbus and larger towns. For example, German-influenced pronunciation tends to have a voiced uvular fricative [ʁ] instead of the alveolar trill [r], and a "clear" [l] that is not especially palatalized instead of [lʲ]. In villages and rural areas German influence is less marked, and the pronunciation is more "typically Slavic".

Consonants

The consonant phonemes of Lower Sorbian are as follows:

Bilabial Labiodental Dental Alveolar Postalveolar Alveolo-palatal Palatal Velar Glottal
plain pal. plain pal. plain pal. plain pal.
Plosive voiceless p pʲ t k kʲ
voiced b bʲ d ɡ ɡʲ
Affricate voiceless t͡s t͡ʃ t͡ɕ
voiced d͡ʒ d͡ʑ
Nasal m mʲ n nʲ
Fricative voiceless f fʲ s ʃ ɕ x h
voiced v vʲ z ʒ ʑ
Rhotic r rʲ
Approximant lʲ j

Lower Sorbian has both final devoicing and regressive voicing assimilation:

  • /dub/ "oak" is pronounced [dup]
  • /susedka/ "(female) neighbor" is pronounced [susetka]
  • /lʲit͡sba/ "number" is pronounced [lʲid͡zba]

The postalveolar fricative /ʃ/ is assimilated to [ɕ] before /t͡ɕ/:

  • /ʃt͡ɕit/ "protection" is pronounced [ɕt͡ɕit]

Vowels

The vowel phonemes are as follows:

Monophthongs Front Central Back
Close i ɨ u
Open-mid ɛ   ɔ
Open a
Diphthongs Centering Ending
in /j/		 Ending
in /w/
Starting close iɪ ij  ɨj  uj iw  ɨw  uw
Starting mid   ej  ɔj ɛw  ow
Starting open   aj aw

Stress

Stress in Lower Sorbian normally falls on the first syllable of the word:

  • Łužyca /ˈvuʒɨtsa/ "Lusatia"
  • pśijaśel /ˈpɕijaɕɛlʲ/ "friend"
  • Chóśebuz /ˈxɨɕɛbus/ "Cottbus"

In loanwords, stress may fall on any of the last three syllables:

  • internat /intɛrˈnat/ "boarding school"
  • kontrola /kɔnˈtrɔlʲa/ "control"
  • september /sɛpˈtɛmbɛr/ "September"
  • policija /pɔˈlʲitsija/ "police"
  • organizacija /ɔrɡanʲiˈzatsija/ "organization"

Orthography

The Sorbian alphabet is based on the Latin alphabet but uses diacritics such as acute accent and caron. The standard character encoding for the Lower Sorbian alphabet is ISO 8859-2 (Latin-2).

External links

Dictionaries

German–Lower Sorbian

Lower Sorbian–German

v · d · eSlavic languages
History
West Slavic
Czech · Kashubian · Knaanic · Polabian · Polish · Pomeranian · Silesian · Slovak · Slovincian · Sorbian (Lower, Upper)
East Slavic
South Slavic
Constructed languages
Pan-Slavic language (Slovianski · Slovio)
Separate dialects and
Slavic microlanguages
Banat Bulgarian · Burgenland Croatian · Chakavian · East Slovak · Kajkavian · Lachian · Molise Croatian · Prekmurian · Resian · Slavic dialects of Greece · Shtokavian · West Polesian · Torlakian
Italics indicate extinct languages.

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