Konstantin Dumba

Konstantin Dumba
Konstantin Graf von Dumba
Austro-Hungarian Minister to Serbia
In office
7 January 1903 – 27 June 1905
Preceded by Karl Freiherr Heidler von Egeregg und Syrgenstein
Succeeded by Moritz Freiherr Czikann von Wahlborn
Austro-Hungarian Minister to Sweden
In office
21 March 1909 – 16 October 1912
Preceded by Albert Freiherr Eperjesy von Szászváros und Tóti
Succeeded by Maximilian Graf Hadik von Futak
Austro-Hungarian Ambassador to the United States
In office
4 March 1913 – 4 November 1915
Preceded by Ladislaus Freiherr Hengelmüller von Hengervár
Succeeded by Adam Graf Tarnowski von Tarnów
Personal details
Born 17 June 1856(1856-06-17)
Vienna, Austria-Hungary (now Austria)
Died 6 January 1947(1947-01-06) (aged 90)
Bodensdorf am Ochiacher See, Austria

Konstantin (Theodor) (from 1917, Graf von) Dumba (17 June 1856 – 6 January 1947), was an Austro-Hungarian diplomat serving as its last accredited Ambassador to the United States and famous for having been expelled during World War I following accusations of espionage.

Contents

Life

Born in Vienna on 17 June 1861 as the son of Nikolaus Dumba (1830-1900), a wealthy Greek Aromanian-Austrian entrepreneur. The Dumbas, originally from the Greek Vlach village Vlasti, in the then Ottoman province of Rumelia, had emigrated and settled in Vienna in 1817.[1] After completing his legal studies and obtaining a doctorate in law, he joined the Austro-Hungarian foreign service in 1879. He subsequently served at the Austro-Hungarian Embassy at London from 1881 to 1886 and then at St. Petersburg, Rome, Bucharest and Paris.

From 1903 to 1905, Dr. Dumba served as Minister at Belgrade. Then followed four years of service in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Vienna, whereupon he was appointed Minister at Stockholm in 1909 where he stayed until 1912.[2] He was known for being Austria-Hungary's only bourgeois ambassador at the time although he was from a very wealthy family.[3]

On 4 March 1913, Dr. Dumba was appointed as the successor of Baron Hengelmüller von Hengervár, the long time ambassador to Washington D.C. and dean of the diplomatic corps. He presented his letter of credentials to President Wilson on 24 April 1913.[4] Although the first months in office were calm, the outbreak of World War I would quickly put him in the spotlight.

A first controversy concerned the Austro-Hungarian government's offer of 'rehabilitation' to those of its citizens living abroad and who had fled to escape compulsory military service provided they returned home and served in the army. This scheme ran counter to the U.S. official policy of neutrality forbidding its citizens from actively taking sides in the war. However, a much more serious incident erupted in early September 1915 when media reported that Dr. Dumba had been involved in schemes to sabotage the U.S. munitions industry. On 5 September, the news broke that he had admitted to give an American news correspondent (James F. J. Archibald) a letter for delivery to Foreign Minister Baron Burián von Rajecz in Vienna. In the letter, he proposed certain measures to hamper the manufacture of munitions for the Allies in the US.[5] The so-called 'Dumba Affair' quickly became a scandal. On 9 September 1915, Secretary of State Lansing declared him no longer acceptable and requested the Austro-Hungarian government to recall its ambassador. In the note, Lansing charged the ambassador with espionage for having advocated that his government back 'plans to instigate strikes in American manufacturing plants engaged in the production of munitions of war'.[6] On 27 September, the Austro-Hungarian government eventually agreed to recall Dr. Dumba.[7] He left the United States on 5 October and was allowed to pass unhindered through the Entente blockade of the European continent and return to Vienna.[8]

Following his departure, the Austro-Hungarian embassy was led by a chargé d'affaires (Erich Freiherr Zwiedinek von Südenhorst). Count Tarnowski von Tarnów was named as his successor in November 1916 but never presented his credentials to President Wilson, thus making Dr. Dumba the last official ambassador of Austria-Hungary to the United States.

Upon his return to Vienna, Dr. Dumba retired from the diplomatic service.[9] In May 1917, he was ennobled and appointed to the Upper House (Herrenhaus), but he would play no further prominent role in public life.[10] In his later years, he became a pacifist and wrote several books, including his memoirs which were published in 1932 and in which he defended his action during World War I.

Although much publicised at the time, Dr. Dumba was not the first foreign diplomat to be declared persona non grata by the U.S. government. In 1888, the British envoy Lord Sackville-West had been sacked following the publication of the so-called Murchison letter during the presidential campaign. It could also be noted that the Dumba Affair also included the military attaché at the German Embassy, Captain Franz von Papen, who was declared persona non grata in December 1915 and who would later play a prominent role in German politics in the 1930s.

Count von Dumba died in Bodensdorf am Ochiacher See on 6 January 1947.

Notes

Regarding personal names: Graf is a title, translated as Count, not a first or middle name. The female form is Gräfin.

Works

  • Austria-Hungary and the War (together with Albert Graf Apponyi von Nagy-Appony, Ladislaus Freiherr Hengelmüller von Hengervár and Alexander Nuber von Pereked), New York, Austro-Hungarian Consulate-general, 1915.
  • Zehn Jahre Völkerbund, 1930.
  • Dreibund und Ententepolitik in der Alten und Neuen Welt, Zurich, Amalthea verlag, 1931 (Memoirs of a diplomat, translated by Ian Morrow, Boston, Little, Brown and Company, 1932.)

References

  1. ^ William D. Godsey, Aristocratic Redoubt: The Austro-Hungarian Foreign Office on the Eve of the First World War, West Lafayette, Purdue University Press, 1999, p. 86.
  2. ^ Österreichisches Biographisches Lexikon 1815-1950, vol. I, p. 203
  3. ^ Godsey, op. cit., 1999, p. 30.
  4. ^ 'Praises Wilson's politics', New York Times, 25 April 1913.
  5. ^ See for example 'Dumba admits plot to cripple munition plants', 'Ambassador Dumba's plan', 'Action on Dumba's offense in doubt', 'Awaiting Dumba letter', New York Times, 6 September 1915.
  6. ^ 'American Note to Austria-Hungary Requesting Recall of Ambassador Dumba', op. cit., 10 September 1915)
  7. ^ 'Austria agrees to recall Dumba, op. cit., 28 September 1915
  8. ^ 'Dumba sails, op. cit., 6 October 1915.
  9. ^ 'Dr. Dumba is retired, op. cit., 5 November 1915.
  10. ^ 'Emperor honors Dumba', op. cit., 24 May 1917

External links

Bibliography

  • Gerald H. Davis, The Fall of Ambassador Dumba, Atlanta, Georgia State College, 1965.
Diplomatic posts
Preceded by
Karl Freiherr Heidler von Egeregg und Syrgenstein
Austro-Hungarian Minister to Serbia
1903–1905
Succeeded by
Moritz Freiherr Czikann von Wahlborn
Preceded by
Albert Freiherr Eperjesy von Szászváros und Tóti
Austro-Hungarian Minister to Sweden
1909–1912
Succeeded by
Maximilian Graf Hadik von Futak
Preceded by
Ladislaus Freiherr Hengelmüller von Hengervár
Austro-Hungarian Ambassador to the United States
1913–1915
Succeeded by
Adam Graf Tarnowski von Tarnów

Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.

Игры ⚽ Нужно сделать НИР?

Look at other dictionaries:

  • Konstantin Dumba — Konstantin Theodor Dumba (* 17. Juni 1856 in Wien; † 6. Januar 1947 Bodensdorf, Gemeinde Steindorf am Ossiacher See, Kärnten) war ein österreichischer Diplomat und Pazifist. Inhaltsverzeichnis 1 Leben 2 Werke 3 …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • Konstantin Dumba — Konstantin, comte de Dumba Konstantin Theodor, comte de Dumba (né le 17 juin 1856 à Vienne mort le 6 janvier 1947 à Bodensdorf am Ochiacher See) fut un diplomate austro hongrois et dernier ambassadeur de la double monarchie aux États Unis. Dumba… …   Wikipédia en Français

  • Dumba — ist der Familienname folgender Personen: Konstantin Dumba (1856−1947), Diplomat und Pazifist Michael Dumba (1828 1894), Direktor der Österreichischen Nationalbank und griechischer Generalkonsul in Österreich Nikolaus Dumba (1830−1900), griechisch …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • Dumba (disambiguation) — People Nikolaus von Dumba (1830 1900) (de) Konstantin Dumba (1856 1947), Austro Hungarian ambassador to the US Place names Sano Dumba, a Village Development Committee, Bhojpur District, eastern Nepal Thulo Dumba, a Village Development Committee,… …   Wikipedia

  • Nikolaus von Dumba — Zeitgenössisches Porträt Dumba in seinem Büro im Palais Dumba Nikolaus von Dumba (Νικόλαος Δούμπας, * 24. Juli 1830 in …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • Nikolaus Dumba — Zeitgenössisches Porträt Dumba in seinem Büro im Palais Dum …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • Griechen in Österreich — Es leben etwa 1.800 griechische Staatsbürger in Österreich[1]. Neben dieser relativ kleinen Zuwanderergruppe unter den 730.000 ausländischen Staatsbürgern, die in Österreich leben, zählt die Griechisch Orthodoxe Kirche in Österreich rund 18.000… …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • Liste der Biografien/Du — Biografien: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • Count Adam Tarnowski von Tarnów — Adam Graf Tarnowski von Tarnów Austro Hungarian Minister to Bulgaria In office 30 April 1911 – 9 November 1916 Preceded by Karl Freiherr von Giskra Succeeded by Ludwig Graf Széchényi von Sárvár und Felsövidék …   Wikipedia

  • Akademisches Gymnasium (Wien) — Akademisches Gymnasium Schulform …   Deutsch Wikipedia

Share the article and excerpts

Direct link
Do a right-click on the link above
and select “Copy Link”