Ghain

Ghain

Ghain, ghayn, or ArabDIN|ġayn ( _ar. ﻍ) is one of the six letters in the Arabic alphabet not in the twenty-two akin to the Phoenician alphabet (the others being ArabDIN|ṯāʼ, ArabDIN|ḫāʼ, ArabDIN|ḏāl, ArabDIN|ḍād, ArabDIN|ẓāʼ). It is the twenty second alphabet in new Persian alphabet. It represents the voiced velar fricative (IPA|/ɣ/).In name and shape, it is a variant of ArabDIN|ʻayn.

A voiced uvular fricative IPA|/ʁ/ (usually reconstructed for Proto-Semitic) merged with Ayin in most languages except for Arabic, Ugaritic and older varieties of the Canaanite languages. Canaanite languages and Hebrew later also merged it with Ayin, and this merger was complete in Tiberian Hebrew. The South Arabian alphabet retained a symbol for transl|sem|ġ, .

The letter ArabDIN|ġayn ( _ar. ﻍ) is sometimes used to represent the voiced velar plosive /g/ in loan words in Arabic, such as the word for "Bulgaria" (بلغاريا), where in some cases in alteration with kaf ك is used as in "English". This is the mode of arabisation in dialects in which the letter gim ج is pronounced as voiced postalveolar affricate [ʤ] , and in dialects where it is promounced as [ʒ] , but not in those that sound it as a voiced velar plosive [ɡ] in which gim is used instead.

"Ghain" is written is several ways depending in its position in the word:

Origins of Ghain

Ghain is believed to have come from the following hieroglyph

V28

that depicts two twisted fibers. This coincidentally superficially resembles the IPA symbol IPA| [ɣ] upside down. IPA| [ɣ] is conventionally used for the sound of ghain.

ee also

*Arabic phonology
*Ghayn, the corresponding letter in the Cyrillic orthographies for several Central Asian languages

External links

* [http://www.ancient-hebrew.org/28_chart.html Ancient Hebrew Alphabet - Chart]


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