Ferdinand Magellan Railcar

Infobox nrhp
name = Ferdinand Magellan Railcar
nrhp_type = nhl-fl


caption =
location = Miami-Dade County, Florida, USA
nearest_city = Miami, Florida
lat_degrees = 25
lat_minutes = 37
lat_seconds = 03
lat_direction = N
long_degrees = 80
long_minutes = 24
long_seconds = 00
long_direction = W
area =
designated = February 4, 1985
established = February 4, 1985
visitation_num =
visitation_year =
governing_body =

The "Ferdinand Magellan" (also known as U.S. Car. No. 1) is a former Pullman Company observation car which served as Presidential Rail Car, U.S. Number 1 from 1943 until 1958. The Gold Coast Railroad Museum in Miami-Dade County, Florida acquired it in 1959. The "Ferdinand Magellan" was designated a National Historic Landmark by the United States Department of the Interior, National Park Service on February 4 of 1985. As of|2006, it remains the only railroad car on the list of historic landmarks.

History

The "Ferdinand Magellan" was built in 1922 by the Pullman Company as a private car. It was one of six similar cars named after famous explorers, "Ferdinand Magellan", "David Livingstone", "Henry Stanley", "Marco Polo", "Robert Peary" and "Roald Amundsen". After the United States entered World War II, it was suggested by Secret Service agent Mike Reilly and White House Press Secretary Stephen Early that President Franklin D. Roosevelt needed a specially equipped and armored car rather than using standard equipment provided by the Pullman Company. The "Ferdinand Magellan" was selected, and the Pullman Company rebuilt the car. The "Ferdinand Magellan" became the first passenger railcar built for a President since the War Department had built a special car for the use of Abraham Lincoln in 1865. [ [http://images4.indianahistory.org/cdm4/item_viewer.php?CISOROOT=/P0406&CISOPTR=481&REC=6 Abraham Lincoln's funeral car] ]

Features

When the "Ferdinand Magellan" was rebuilt, the original six bedrooms in the car were reduced to four, and the dining room and observation lounge were enlarged. Two of the bedrooms were a suite for the President and the First Lady, with a fully equipped bathroom, including a bathtub, connecting the two bedrooms. The dining room could also be used as a conference room. It has a solid mahogany table that measures 38" x 72" (96.3 cm x 183 cm) and seats eight. The front end of the car held quarters for two stewards, a pantry, a galley, mechanical equipment, storage and ice bunkers.

The car was protected with 5/8" (15 mm) armor plate on the sides, top, bottom and ends. The windows were replaced with sealed three inch (76.2 mm) thick 12-ply laminated bullet resistant glass. As the windows were sealed, the car was air conditioned by blowing the interior air over pipes carrying the meltwater from ice. Other features included bank vault style doors at the rear entrance to the car, two escape hatches (located in the lounge and presidential bathroom) for emergency egress, exterior loudspeakers for public addresses, a telephone in every room that could be connected to a trainside telephone outlet provided by the local telephone company and a custom built wheel-chair elevator that could lift Roosevelt from ground level up to the rear platform of the car. The wheel-chair elevator was removed after Roosevelt's death in 1945. These modifications increased the weight of the car from 160,000 pounds (72,563 kg) to 285,000 pounds (129,252 kg), making the "Ferdinand Magellan" the heaviest passenger railcar ever used in the United States. The "Ferdinand Magellan" traveled at the end of a special train that included Pullman sleeping cars for staff, baggage cars and a communications car operated by the Army Signal Corps.

Presidential use

President Roosevelt's first trip in the "Ferdinand Magellan" was to Miami, Florida, where he boarded a Pan American World Airways flying boat for his trip to the Casablanca Conference in 1943. He traveled approximately 50,000 miles (81,500 km) in the car in the next two years, using it for the last time on a trip to Warm Springs, Georgia the day before he died.

Like other observation cars of its era, the "Ferdinand Magellan" had an open platform on the rear end of the car. Observation cars were normally placed at the end of a train, so that the occupants of the car had an unobstructed view in three directions. This is the platform from which Harry Truman gave his "whistlestop" campaign speeches. During the campaign the car travelled more than 28,000 miles (46,284 km), and Truman gave almost 350 speeches from the rear platform. The famous photograph of Truman holding the incorrect "Dewey Defeats Truman" headline was taken while the president was standing on the platform of the railcar.

President Dwight D. Eisenhower made little use of the "Ferdinand Magellan". He travelled a few times in it to his farm in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, and once to Ottawa where he addressed the Parliament of Canada. The car was last used officially in 1954, when Mamie Eisenhower rode it to Groton, Connecticut to christen a ship. The railcar was declared surplus and offered to the Smithsonian Institution in 1958, but the Smithsonian did not act on the offer, and the Gold Coast Railroad Museum was able to acquire it. In 1984 the "Ferdinand Magellan" was briefly loaned to the presidential re-election campaign of Ronald Reagan, who gave a series of "whistlestop" speeches from the rear platform during a one-day trip in Ohio.

References

* Withers, Bob. "The President Travels by Train"

External links

* [http://www.flheritage.com Florida's Office of Cultural and Historical Programs]
** [http://www.flheritage.com/facts/reports/places/index.cfm?fuseaction=ListAreas&county=dade Dade County listings]
** [http://www.flheritage.com/services/sites/fht/record_t.cfm?ID=226&type=c&index=13 US Car #1 - Ferdinand Magellan]
* [http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=1722&ResourceType=Object Ferdinand Magellan - U.S. Car No. 1] at [http://www.cr.nps.gov/nhl National Historic Landmarks Program]
* [http://www.goldcoast-railroad.org/magellan.htm The Gold Coast Railroad Museum: Presidential Rail Car, U.S. Number 1 Ferdinand Magellan] - retrieved July 10, 2006
* [http://www.sdrm.org/roster/passenger/peary/index.html Pullman Robert Peary, a sister car of Plan 3972, Lot 6037 (July 1927), operational at the San Diego Railroad Museum] - retrieved January 2, 2007
* [http://www.therailroadpark.com/exhibits.html Pullman Roald Amundsen, a sister car of Plan 3972, Lot 6037 (July 1927), captive at the Scottsdale Railroad Park] - retrieved January 2, 2007