States of the German Confederation

The States of the German Confederation were those member states that from June 20, 1815 were part of the German Confederation, which lasted, with some changes in the member states, until August 24, 1866, under the presidency of the Austrian imperial House of Habsburg, which was represented by an Austrian presidential envoy to the Federal diet in Frankfurt.

Explanation

On the whole, its territory nearly coincided with that remaining in the Holy Roman Empire when Napoleon caused its end; with the exception of the two rivalling major powers, Habsburg and Prussia, and the western left bank of the Rhine (which France had annexed, with tiny Katzenellenbogen) the other member states or their precursors, most of present Germany, had been within his Confederation of the Rhine.

#The Austrian Empire (without the Kingdom of Hungary, Transylvania, Bukovina, and Croatia, which became the apostolic kingdom of Hungary within the Danubian Dual Monarchy, the Kingdom of Lombardy-Venetia (constituting parts lost to Italy in 1859- viz. 1866), the kingdoms of Dalmatia and Galicia)
##Austria (split into Upper Austria and Lower Austria in 1849)
##Kingdom of Bohemia
##Duchy of Carinthia
##Duchy of Carniola
##Littoral (consisting of Gorizia and Gradisca, Istria and Trieste)
##March of Moravia
##Grand Duchy of Salzburg
##Duchy of Upper and Lower Silesia
##Duchy of Styria
##County of Tyrol
##Vorarlberg
#The Kingdom of Prussia (without Posen, East Prussia and West Prussia)
##Brandenburg
##Pomerania
##Rhine Province (until 1822, Lower Rhine and Jülich-Cleves-Berg)
##Saxony
##Silesia
##Westphalia
#The Kingdom of Bavaria (the third largest member)
#The Kingdom of Hanover
#The Kingdom of Saxony
#The Kingdom of Illyria
#The Kingdom of Württemberg
#The Electorate of Hesse
#The Grand Duchy of Baden
#The Grand Duchy of Hesse
#The Grand Duchy of Luxembourg (lost over half of its territory in the west to Belgium in the breakup of the United Kingdom of the Netherlands in 1839, and thereby causing Duchy of Limburg to become a member.)
#The Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin
#The Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Strelitz
#The Grand Duchy of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
#The Duchy of Anhalt-Dessau (Duchy of Anhalt from 1863)
#The Duchy of Anhalt-Bernburg (to 1863)
#The Duchy of Anhalt-Köthen (to 1847)
#The Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg, or Brunswick for short
#The Duchy of Holstein (in personal union with the Kingdom of Denmark, was not a former member of the Confederation of the Rhine)
##The Duchy of Schleswig (in personal union with the Kingdom of Denmark, was not a former member of either the Holy Roman Empire or the Confederation of the Rhine. The secessionist (pro-German) government of Schleswig-Holstein (1848–51) joined Schleswig to the Confederation. This was not recognized by the Danish government, and the peace settlement in 1851 specified that Schleswig was not a member.
#The Duchy of Lauenburg
#The Duchy of Limburg (became a member in 1839 as a compensation for territorial losses in the Grand Duchy of Luxemburg that were caused by the breakup of the United Kingdom of the Netherlands.)
#The Duchy of Nassau
#The Duchy of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg (to 1825)
#The Duchy of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld (Saxe-Coburg-Gotha from 1826)
#The Duchy of Saxe-Meiningen
#The Duchy of Saxe-Hildburghausen (Saxe-Altenburg from 1826)
#The Duchy of Oldenburg (Grand Duchy from 1829)
#The Landgraviate of Hesse-Homburg (from 1817)
#The Principality of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen
#The Principality of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt
#The Principality of Hohenzollern-Hechingen (to 1850)
#The Principality of Liechtenstein
#The Principality of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen (to 1850)
#The Principality of Waldeck
#The Principality of Reuss Senior Line
#The Principality of Reuss Junior Line
#The Principality of Schaumburg-Lippe
#The Principality of Lippe
#The Free City of Lübeck
#The Free City of Frankfurt
#The Free City of Bremen (still a constitutive state of federal Germany)
#The Free City of Hamburg (still a constitutive state of federal Germany)

ources and references

*Westermann, "Großer Atlass zur Weltgeschichte" (in German, detailed maps)
* [http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Germany.html WorldStatesmen]