- Crafoord Prize
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The Crafoord Prize Awarded for in astronomy and mathematics, biosciences, geosciences or polyarthritis research, awarded by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences Presented by Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences Country Sweden First awarded 1982 Official website http://www.crafoordprize.se/ The Crafoord Prize is an annual science prize established in 1980 by Holger Crafoord, a Swedish industrialist, and his wife Anna-Greta Crafoord. Administered by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, the prize "is intended to promote international basic research in the disciplines: Astronomy and Mathematics, Geosciences, Biosciences, with particular emphasis on ecology, and Polyarthritis (rheumatoid arthritis)", the disease from which Holger severely suffered in his last years. According to the Academy, "these disciplines are chosen so as to complement those for which the Nobel Prizes are awarded."[1] Only one award is given each year, according to a rotating scheme – astronomy and mathematics; then geosciences; then biosciences.[1] A Crafoord Prize is only awarded for polyarthritis when a special committee decides that substantial progress in the field has been made.[1] The recipient of the Crafoord Prize is announced each year in mid-January; on Crafoord Day in April, the prize is presented by the King of Sweden, who also presents the Nobel Prize Awards at the ceremony in December.[1][2] The prize sum, which as of 2011 is US$600,000, is intended to fund further research by the prize winner.
The inaugural winners, Vladimir Arnold and Louis Nirenberg, were cited by the Academy for their work in the field of non-linear differential equations. No women have been awarded the prize to date.
Contents
Winners
Year Category Image Laureate Nationality Work[3] 1982 Mathematics 
Vladimir Arnold 
Soviet UnionTheory of non-linear differential equations 
Louis Nirenberg 
United States[A]1983 Geosciences Edward Lorenz United StatesGeophysical hydrodynamics — Henry Stommel United States1984 Biosciences 
Daniel H. Janzen United StatesCo-evolution 1985 Astronomy 
Lyman Spitzer United StatesStudies of the interstellar medium 1986 Geosciences — Claude Allègre 
FranceIsotope geochemical relations — Gerald J. Wasserburg United States1987 Biosciences — Eugene P. Odum United StatesEcosystem ecology 
Howard T. Odum United States1988 Mathematics 
Pierre Deligne 
BelgiumAlgebraic geometry 
Alexander Grothendieck[B] France1989 Geosciences 
James Van Allen United StatesExploration of space, the discovery the Van Allen belts 1990 Biosciences 
Paul R. Ehrlich United StatesDynamics and genetics of fragmented populations 
Edward Osborne Wilson United StatesTheory of island biogeography 1991 Astronomy Allan Rex Sandage United StatesStudy of galaxies 1992 Geosciences — Adolf Seilacher 
GermanyResearch into evolution of life 1993 Biosciences W. D. Hamilton 
United KingdomTheories of kin selection and genetic relationship 
Seymour Benzer United StatesGenetical and neurophysiological studies of fruit flies 1994 Mathematics — Simon Donaldson United KingdomFour-dimensional geometry 
Shing-Tung Yau United States[C]Non-linear techniques in differential geometry 1995 Geosciences — Willi Dansgaard 
DenmarkDevelopment of isotope geological analysis methods 
Nicholas Shackleton United Kingdom1996 Biosciences 
Robert M. May United KingdomEcological research 1997 Astronomy Fred Hoyle United KingdomStudy of nuclear processes in stars, stellar evolution — Edwin Salpeter United States1998 Geosciences — Don L. Anderson United StatesStudy of the structures and processes in the interior of the Earth — Adam M. Dziewonski United States[D]1999 Biosciences 
Ernst Mayr United StatesDeveloping the concept of evolutionary biology — John Maynard Smith United KingdomGeorge C. Williams United States2000 Polyarthritis — Marc Feldmann United KingdomDefinition of TNF-alpha — Ravinder N. Maini United Kingdom2001 Mathematics 
Alain Connes FranceTheory of operator algebras, founder of the non-commutative geometry 2002 Geosciences — Dan P. McKenzie United KingdomDynamics of the lithosphere 2003 Biosciences — Carl Woese United StatesThird domain of life 2004 Polyarthritis — Eugene C. Butcher United StatesStudy of molecular mechanisms concerning white blood cells — Timothy A. Springer United States2005 Astronomy — James E. Gunn United StatesUnderstanding the large-scale structure of the Universe — James Peebles United States
Martin Rees United Kingdom2006 Geosciences — Wallace S. Broecker United StatesResearch into the global carbon cycle 2007 Biosciences — Robert Trivers United StatesAnalysis of social evolution 2008 Astronomy 
Rashid Alievich Sunyaev 
RussiaContributions to high-energy astrophysics and cosmology Mathematics 
Maxim Kontsevich Russia[E]Contributions to mathematics from modern theoretical physics 
Edward Witten United States2009 Polyarthritis 
Charles Dinarello United StatesIsolation of interleukins, understanding their role in the onset of inflammatory diseases 
Tadamitsu Kishimoto 
Japan
Toshio Hirano Japan2010 Geosciences 
Walter Munk United States“for his pioneering and fundamental contributions to our understanding of ocean circulation, tides and waves, and their role in the Earth’s dynamics”. 2011 Biosciences 
Ilkka Hanski 
Finland“for his pioneering studies on how spatial variation affects the dynamics of animal and plant populations”. Notes
a Nirenberg was born in Canada.[4]
b Grothendieck was born in Germany, but has spent most of his life in France. Legally, he is a stateless person. He declined his prize.[5]
c Shing-Tung Yau was born in China.[6]
d Dziewonski was born in Poland.[7]
e Kontsevich was born in Russia.[8]
References
- ^ a b c d "About the prize". The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. http://www.crafoordprize.se/abouttheprize.html. Retrieved 3 July 2009.
- ^ "King of Sweden awards Crafoord Prize to IC researchers". Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine. 4 October 2000. http://www.imperial.ac.uk/publications/reporterarchive/0097/news04.htm. Retrieved 5 July 2009.
- ^ "The Crafoord Prize 1982–2009" (PDF). The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. http://www.crafoordprize.se/download/18.1b27248111ee6cfde1e800025347/crafoordprizes.pdf. Retrieved 4 July 2009.[dead link]
- ^ "Louis Nirenberg Receives National Medal of Science" (PDF). American Mathematical Society. October 1996. p. 1111. http://www.ams.org/notices/199610/nirenberg.pdf. Retrieved 4 July 2009.
- ^ Matthews, Robert (20 August 2006). "Mathematics, where nothing is ever as simple as it seems". Daily Telegraph. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/1526781/Mathematics-where-nothing-is-ever-as-simple-as-it-seems.html. Retrieved 5 July 2009.
- ^ Overbye, Dennis (17 October 2006). "The Emperor of Math". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2006/10/17/science/17yau.html. Retrieved 5 July 2009.
- ^ "Dziewonski Receives 2002 William Bowie Medal". American Geophysical Union. http://www.agu.org/about/honors/union/bowie/dziewonski_adam.shtml. Retrieved 5 July 2009.
- ^ "Kontsevich and Witten Receive 2008 Crafoord Prize in Mathematics" (PDF). American Mathematical Society. May 2008. p. 583. http://www.ams.org/notices/200805/tx080500593p.pdf. Retrieved 5 July 2009.
External links
Categories:- Science and engineering awards
- Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences
- Awards established in 1980
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