Extensions to the IPA

The Extensions to the IPA are extensions of the International Phonetic Alphabet and were designed for disordered speech. However, some of the symbols (especially diacritics, below) are occasionally used for transcribing normal speech as well.

Brackets

The Extended IPA for speech pathology has added additional bracket notations. Parentheses are used to indicate "mouthing" (silent articulation), as in IPA|(ʃːː), a silent sign to hush; parentheses are also used to indicate silent pauses, for example (...). Double parentheses indicate obscured or unintelligible sound, as in ((2 syll.)), two audible but unidentifiable syllables. Curly brackets with Italian musical terms are used to mark prosodic notation, such as IPA| [{_"falsetto" hɛlp _"falsetto"}] .

Extended IPA letters

References

* Ball, Martin J.; Esling, John H.; & Dickson, B. Craig. (1995). The VoQS system for the transcription of voice quality. "Journal of the International Phonetic Alphabet", "25" (2), 71-80.
* Duckworth, M.; Allen, G.; Hardcastle, W.; & Ball, M. J. (1990). Extensions to the International Phonetic Alphabet for the transcription of atypical speech. "Clinical Linguistics and Phonetics", "4", 273-280.

ee also

* Speech pathology
* Onomatopoeia

External links

* [http://www2.arts.gla.ac.uk/IPA/ExtIPAChart97.pdf Chart of extended IPA symbols for disordered speech] (PDF).