Canton of Jura

Infobox Canton|name=République et Canton du Jura
short_name = Jura
local_names=Jura|coord= coord|47|22|N|7|9|E|region:CH-JU_type:adm1st|display=title
flag_img_path=Flag of Canton of Jura.svg
coa_img_path=Jura-coat of arms.svg
locatormap_img_path=Swiss_Canton_Map_JU.pngcantonalmap_img_path=Map_of_Canton_Jura.pngcapital=Delémont
area=838|area_rank=14th|area_scale=8
population=69,222|population_rank=20th|population_asof=2006
population_density=83
since=1979
abbr=JU
languages=French
executive=Conseil d'Etat|executive_members=5
legislative=Parlement|parliament_members=60
highest=Mont Raimeux|highest_m=1302|lowest=Allaine at Boncourt|lowest_m=364
municipalities_number=83
districts_designation=districts|districts_number=3
The Republic and Canton of the Jura ( _fr. République et Canton du Jura), also known as the Canton of Jura or Canton Jura, is one of the Cantons of Switzerland. It is the newest (created in 1979) of the 26 Swiss cantons, located in the northwestern part of Switzerland. The capital is Delémont. It shares borders with the Canton of Basel-Landschaft, the Canton of Bern, and the French département of Doubs.

Geography

Canton Jura lies in the northwest of Switzerland. It consists of parts of the Jura mountains in the south and the Jura plateau in the north. The Jura plateau is hilly and almost entirely limestone. The districts of Ajoie and Franches-Montagnes lie in this region. The term "Jurassic" is derived from the Jura Alps, strata of which date to that era.

To the north and the west of the Canton lies France. The canton of Solothurn and Basel-Landschaft are to east of the canton, while the canton of Bern bounds the Jura to the south. The River Doubs and the river Birs drain the lands. The Doubs joins the Saône and then the Rhône, whereas the Birs is a tributary to the Rhine.

History

The King of Burgundy donated much of the land that today makes up Canton Jura to the Bishop of Basel in 999. The area was a sovereign state within the Holy Roman Empire for more than 800 years. After the Treaty of Westphalia in 1648 the Jura had close ties with the Swiss Confederation. In the Congress of Vienna the Jura was given to the canton of Berne. This act caused dissension. The Jura was French-speaking and Roman Catholic, whereas the canton of Bern was mostly German-speaking and Protestant. The people of the Jura region called for independence. After a long struggle, a constitution was accepted in 1977. In 1978 the split was made official when the Swiss people voted in favour of it, and in 1979 the Jura joined the Swiss Confederation as a full member. However, the southern part of the Jura region, which is also predominantly French-speaking but has a Protestant majority, opted not to join the newly-formed canton, and instead remained part of Bern. This area is now known as Bernese Jura. The word Jura, therefore, may refer either to Canton Jura, or to the combined territory of Canton Jura and Bernese Jura.

On creation, the canton adopted the title Republic and Canton of the Jura. Other cantons in Switzerland using the title "Republic and Canton" are Ticino, Canton Geneva, and Canton Neuchâtel. In each case the title asserts the autonomy of the canton and its nominal sovereignty within the Swiss Confederation.

Economy

Agriculture is important in Canton Jura. Cattle breeding is significant, but there is also horse breeding. The main industries are watches, textiles and tobacco. There is a growing number of small and middle-sized business.

Demographics

The population is almost entirely French-speaking. Just one municipality is German-speaking: Ederswiler.The majority is Roman Catholic.

Districts

Municipalities

This is a list of the canton's 83 municipalities ("communes") by district.

References

Further reading

* Ganguillet, Gilbert: "Le conflit jurassien. Un cas de mobilisation ethno-régionale en Suisse", Zürich 1986.
* Harder, Hans-Joachim: "Der Kanton Jura. Ursachen und Schritte zur Lösung eines Schweizer Minderheitenproblems", Frankfurt am Main 1978.
* Hauser, Claude: "Aux origines intellectuelles de la Question jurassienne. Culture et politique entre la France et la Suisse romande (1910-1950)", Diss. Fribourg 1997.
* Henecka, Hans Peter: "Die jurassischen Separatisten. Eine Studie zur Soziologie des ethnischen Konflikts und der sozialen Bewegung", Meisenheim am Glan 1972.
* Jenkins, John R.G.: "Jura Separatism in Switzerland", Oxford 1986.
* Ruch, Christian: "Struktur und Strukturwandel des jurassischen Separatismus zwischen 1974 und 1994", Bern 2001.
* Schwander, Marcel: "Jura. Konfliktstoff für Jahrzehnte", Zürich/Köln 1977.
* Steppacher, Burkard: "Die Jurafrage in der Schweiz", München 1985.

ee also

*French language
*Franco-Provençal language

External links

* [http://www.jura.ch Republic and Canton of Jura] fr icon official site
* [http://www.juratourisme.ch/ Jura Tourism]
* [http://www.statistik.admin.ch/stat_ch/ber00/ekan_ju.htm Official Statistics]