Stefano Maderno

Stefano Maderno (1576 – September 17, 1636) was an Italian sculptor.

Biography

News about Maderno's life are scarce and often contradictory. He was long supposed to have been a brother of the contemporary architect Carlo Maderno, and therefore to having been born at Bissone, in what is now Ticino: his death certificate, however, gave his place of birth as Palestrina (Donati 1945) and he signed a bas-relief in the Cappella Paolina in Santa Maria Maggiore as STEPHANVS MADERNVS ROMANVS F.

Stefano Maderno is best known for the seemingly unposed, naturalistic recumbent marble of "Santa Cecilia" in the Church of Santa Cecilia in Trastevere (1599-1600). The sculpture was a counter-statement to the current dry and hectic complications of Mannerism, to which it confronted a simple sweeping outline and a stark pose. This is not a sanitized hagiographical representation of a saint, but the graphic representation of an uncorrupted corpse, claimed to be positioned just as it had been found. The saint's tomb had been opened in 1599, and Paolo Emilio Cardinal Sfondrato [http://www.wga.hu/frames-e.html?/html/m/maderno/] commissioned Maderno, aged 23 at the time, to recreate the martyr's body in marble. Compare this statue with the passionately theatrical representations of Saint Theresa and Ludovica Albertoni by Bernini, and the Santa Rosa de Lima by Melchiorre Caffà.

The "Santa Cecilia" immediately established Maderno's reputation: elected to the Accademia di San Luca in 1607, he became the pre-eminent sculptor of his generation, on the cusp between Mannerism and Baroque, rivalled in his prime only by Camillo Mariani, though he was eclipsed in his later years by the rapidly rising star of Bernini. He provided a marble "Prudence" for the tomb of Michele Bonelli, Cardinal Alessandrino, in Santa Maria sopra Minerva, and also provided two bas-reliefs for Paul V's Cappella Paolina at Santa Maria Maggiore (1608–1615); probably the figure of St. Peter for the façade of the Palazzo del Quirinale; a statue of St. Charles Borromeo in the church of San Lorenzo in Damaso; decorative figures of putti in the Sistine Chapel of Santa Maria Maggiore, angels of the Madonna di Loreto and Santa Maria sopra Minerva and the reclining figures of "Peace" and "Justice" for the high altar at Santa Maria della Pace.

His patron, conte Gaspare Rivaldi, having sought to reward him by procuring for him a sinecure at the excise offices of the Gabelle di Ripetta, the sculptor dutifully devoted his time to his new duties and neglected his art.

Of the few sculptures outside of Italy, Cincinnati has a small bronze (c. 1622–25) portraying "Hercules and Antaeus", wherein Hercules has to lift Antaeus off the ground to kill him [http://www.cincinnatiartmuseum.org/greatart/tour_europaint.shtml] . Finally there are several "bozzetti"— terracotta sketches, in Maderno's case highly finished ones— at the Hermitage, which came from the collection of Abate Filippo Farsetti in Venice, who possessed several of Maderno's terracottas, a form in which Maderno specialized. Tsar Paul I of Russia began acquiring Farsetti's collection in 1800, and the transfer to Saint Petersburg was completed in 1805 by Tsar Alexander I [http://www.philamuseum.org/information/pr/980319.shtml] . One of the Hermitage terracottas is a suggested restoration of the Laocoön, the correct restoration of which was a classic puzzle for 16th- and 17th-century "virtuosi"— another a variation on the Farnese Hercules, and yet another a remarkable "Pietà" (c. 1605), where Nicodemus holds the dead Christ in his lap, a conscious response to Michelangelo's "Pietà" [http://www.hermitagemuseum.org/fcgi-bin/db2www/quickSearch.mac/gallery?selLang=English&tmCond=Maderno] Further terracottas are in the collection at the Ca' d'Oro, Venice.

References

*A. Donati, "Stefano Maderno, scultore (1576-1636)", Bellinzona, 1945.

External links

* [http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09513a.htm Catholic Encyclopedia article on Stefano Maderno]
* [http://www.patwengraf.com/madernomarsyas3.htm Patricia Wengraf Ltd., "Apollo flaying Marsyas"] . A newly rediscovered terracotta reworking the theme of the Hermitage "Marsyas".
* [http://www.artnet.com/library/05/0529/T052984.asp "Grove Dictionary of Art"]

Further reading

*S.F. Ostrow in "The dictionary of art", Macmillan 1996, vol. 20, pp. 46-48
*Rudolf Wittkower, "Art and Architecture in Italy 1600-1750"