Halobacteria

Halobacteria

Taxobox
color = #F3E0E0
name = Halobacteria


image_width = 200px
image_caption = "Halobacterium" sp. strain NRC-1, each cell about 5 µm in length.
domain = Archaea
phylum = Euryarchaeota
classis = Halobacteria
subdivision_ranks = Order
subdivision =
* Halobacteriales
synonyms =
* Halobacteria Grant et al. 2002

: " Note: The word "halobacteria" is also the plural form of the word "halobacterium"." Halobacteria are more correctly called Haloarchaea, but halobacteria remains in common usage as they were originally designated as such before the existence of the domain Archaea was realised.

In taxonomy, the Halobacteria (also Halomebacteria) are a class of the Euryarchaeota, [See the NCBI [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&id=183963 webpage on Halobacteria] . Data extracted from the cite web | url=ftp://ftp.ncbi.nih.gov/pub/taxonomy/ | title=NCBI taxonomy resources | publisher=National Center for Biotechnology Information | accessdate=2007-03-19] found in water saturated or nearly saturated with salt. They are also called halophiles, though this name is also used for other organisms which live in somewhat less concentrated salt water. They are common in most environments where large amounts of salt, moisture, and organic material are available.

Halobacteria can grow aerobically, anaerobically, or by means of photosynthesis. Parts of the membranes of halobacteria are purplish in color, and large blooms of Halobacteria appear reddish, from the pigment bacteriorhodopsin, related to the retinal pigment rhodopsin. This pigment is used to absorb light, which provides energy to create ATP. Halobacteria also possess a second pigment, halorhodopsin, which pumps chloride ions in the cell in response to photons, creating a voltage gradient and assisting in the production of energy from light. The process is unrelated to other forms of photosynthesis involving electron transport however, and halobacteria are incapable of fixing carbon from carbon dioxide.

References

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