Pellucidar

For the novel of the same name, see Pellucidar (novel).

Pellucidar
Original map of Pellucidar, from the first edition of Pellucidar (1915)
At the Earth's Core location
Creator	Edgar Rice Burroughs
Genre	Adventure novel
Type	Hollow Earth
Notable characters	David Innes, Abner Perry,Tanar, Tarzan

Pellucidar is a fictional Hollow Earth milieu invented by Tarzan creator Edgar Rice Burroughs for a series of action adventure stories. In a notable crossover event between Burroughs' series, there is a Tarzan story in which the Ape Man travels into Pellucidar.

The stories initially involve the adventures of mining heir David Innes and his inventor friend Abner Perry after they use an "iron mole" to burrow 500 miles into the Earth's crust. Later protagonists include indigenous cave man Tanar and additional visitors from the surface world, notably Tarzan, Jason Gridley, and Frederich Wilhelm Eric von Mendeldorf und von Horst. ^[1]

Geography

In Burroughs' concept, the Earth is a hollow shell with Pellucidar as the internal surface of that shell. Pellucidar is accessible to the surface world via a polar opening allowing passage between the inner and outer worlds through which a rigid airship visits in the third book of the series. Although the inner surface of the Earth has an absolute smaller area than the outer, Pellucidar actually has a greater land area, as its continents mirror the surface world's oceans and its oceans mirror the surface continents.

A peculiarity of Pellucidar's geography is that due to the concave curvature of its surface there is no horizon; the further distant something is, the higher it appears to be, until it is finally lost in the atmospheric haze.

Pellucidar is lit by a miniature sun suspended at the center of the hollow sphere, so it is perpetually overhead wherever one is in Pellucidar. The sole exception is the region directly under a tiny geostationary moon of the internal sun; that region as a result is under a perpetual eclipse and is known as the Land of Awful Shadow. This moon has its own plant life and (presumably) animal life, and hence either has its own atmosphere or shares that of Pellucidar. The miniature sun never changes in brightness, and never sets; so with no night or seasonal progression, the natives have little concept of time. The events of the series suggest that time is elastic, passing at different rates in different areas of Pellucidar and varying even in single locales.

Culture

Pellucidar is populated by primitive people and prehistoric creatures, notably dinosaurs. The region in which Innes and Perry initially find themselves is ruled by the cities of the Mahars, intelligent flying reptiles resembling Rhamphorhynchus with dangerous psychic powers, who keep the local tribelets of Stone Age human beings in subjugation. Innes and Perry eventually unite the tribes to overthrow the Mahars' domain and establish a human "Empire of Pellucidar" in its place.

While the Mahars are the dominant species in the Pellucidar novels, they seem confined to their handful of cities. Before their overthrow they use the Sagoths, a race of gorilla-men who speak the same language as Tarzan's apes, to enforce their rule over the human tribes within the area which they rule. Though Burrough's novels suggest that the Mahar realm is limited to one relatively small area of the inner world, John Eric Holmes' authorized sequel Mahars of Pellucidar indicates there are other areas of Mahar domination.

Within and outside the Mahars' domain are scattered independent human cultures, most of them at the stone age level of development. Technically more advanced exceptions include the Korsars (corsairs), a maritime raiding society descended from surface-world pirates, and the Xexots, an indigenous Bronze Age civilization. All or most of the human inhabitants of Pellucidar share a common world-wide language.

Pellucidar also harbors enclaves of various nonhuman or semi-human races. There are:

• The Sagoths.
• The Ape Men are ape-like, black with prehensile tail, arboreal.
• The Sabertooth Men are ape-like, black with prehensile tail, cannibals with dagger-like tusks.
• The Brute-Men are peaceful gorilla-like farmers, sometimes called "Gorilla-Sheep" for the sheep-like appearance of their faces.
• The Azarians, primitive man-eating giants.
• The Ganaks, a race of horned bison men.
• The Horibs, ferocious dinosaur-riding reptile men.
• Two subterranean races are:-
  • The Coripies or buried people, short eyeless carrion eaters
  • The Gorbuses, cannibalistic albinos who are apparently resurrected surface-world murderers.

The novels

1. At the Earth's Core (1914)
2. Pellucidar (1915)
3. Tanar of Pellucidar (1929)
4. Tarzan at the Earth's Core (1929)
5. Back to the Stone Age (1937)
6. Land of Terror (1944)
7. Savage Pellucidar (1963)

Sequels by John Eric Holmes

John Eric Holmes' Mahars of Pellucidar was a sequel to Burroughs' Pellucidar novels authorized by the Burroughs estate. Publication of Holmes' follow-up novel, Red Axe of Pellucidar, reportedly ready for print in 1980, was supposedly blocked by the estate, and only saw print much later in a limited private edition.^[2]

1. Mahars of Pellucidar (1976)
2. Red Axe of Pellucidar (1993)

Tarzan: The Epic Adventures

In the 1996 novel Tarzan: The Epic Adventures by R. A. Salvatore, Pellucidar is featured in the later part of the story. The book is based on the teleplay for the TV pilot of the series Tarzan: The Epic Adventures by Burt Armus. The story is inspired by the Return of Tarzan and Tarzan at the Earths Core.^[3]

In other media

Pellucidar has appeared in one movie adaptation. The first novel was filmed as At the Earth's Core (1976), directed by Kevin Connor and starring Doug McClure as David Innes and Peter Cushing as Abner Perry.^{[citation needed]}

The 1996 pilot to the TV series Tarzan: The Epic Adventures also features Pellucidar, as well as the character Jana from the book Tarzan at the Earths Core. This story also features a race of Mahars able to transform into humanoid form.^{[citation needed]}

Pellucidar also appears in an episode of the Disney cartoon series The Legend of Tarzan, loosely inspired by Tarzan at the Earth's Core. In this episode, however, Pellucidar is merely described as being a region below Africa where dinosaurs still live. None of the characteristics of it described in the novels are seen.^{[citation needed]}

The hollow interior of the Earth seen in Journey to Middle Earth by The Asylum bears some similarity to Pellucidar, although the film was intended as a film adaptation of a novel by Jules Verne.^{[citation needed]}

Influence

Pellucidar was the major inspiration for Lin Carter's Zanthodon novels of the late 1970s and early 1980s, set in the vast cavern of Zanthodon beneath the Sahara Desert.^{[citation needed]}

The Hollow Earth milieu of Skartaris in the Warlord series of comic books by Mike Grell, published from 1976–1989, is essentially a translation of Pellucidar into the graphic medium, with the admixture of magic and elements of the Atlantis myth.^{[citation needed]}

In James P. Blaylock's The Digging Leviathan (1984), a pair of rival scientific teams compete to reach Pellucidar; the story concludes before the goal is attained.^{[citation needed]}

In John Crowley's Little, Big (1981), a drug named Pellucidar is mentioned and appears to have an exhilarating and even aphrodisiac effect.^{[citation needed]}

A tribute story, Maureen Birnbaum at the Earth's Core, appeared in Maureen Birnbaum, Barbarian Swordsperson.^{[citation needed]}

During the initial explorations of Lechuguilla Cave in the late 1980s, a chamber was named "Pellucidar" in honor of these stories.^{[citation needed]}

In Philip Jose Farmer's "Riders of the Purple Wage", there is a concept known as "the Pellucidar Breakthrough"^{[citation needed]}

In the Tunnels Series, the Garden of the Second Sun is strongly based on Pellucidar.^{[citation needed]}

See also

• At the Earth's Core (1976 movie)
• Tarzan: The Epic Adventures (1996 TV Pilot)

References

1. ^ Pulpdom, Nos. 64, 65, 66, 67, April, June, August, October, "Pellucidar Revisited" by Mike Taylor, published by Camille Cazedessus,
2. ^ Martin, John. "John Eric Holmes: Mahars of Pellucidar and Red Axe of Pellucidar".
3. ^ Salvatore, R.A. " Tarzan: The Epic Adventures".

External links

• Official site from Edgar Rice Burroughs, Inc. - Tarzana, California
• von Horst's Pellucidar - articles, book summaries, publishing histories, pastiches, glossary, languages, maps, hollow Earth theory, and film and TV reviews by Pellucidar scholar, David Critchfield.
• Maps of Pellucidar in ERBzine 3042

• At the Earth's Core at Project Gutenberg
• At the Earth's Core at Project Gutenberg (alternate edition)
• Pellucidar at Project Gutenberg

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  At the Earth's Core - 1960s paperback

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  Pellucidar - 1960s paperback