Apoidea

Taxobox
name = Apoidea

---

image_width = 200px
image_caption = "Apis mellifera", the Western Honeybee
regnum = Animalia
phylum = Arthropoda
classis = Insecta
ordo = Hymenoptera
subordo = Apocrita
superfamilia = Apoidea
subdivision_ranks = Series and families
subdivision =
Spheciformes
*Ampulicidae
*Crabronidae
*Heterogynaidae
*Sphecidae
Anthophila
*Andrenidae
*Apidae
*Colletidae
*Dasypodaidae
*Halictidae
*Megachilidae
*Meganomiidae
*Melittidae
*Stenotritidae

The superfamily Apoidea is a major group within the Hymenoptera, which includes two traditionally-recognized lineages, the "sphecoid" wasps, and the bees, who appear to be their descendants.

Nomenclature

Bees appear in recent classifications to be a specialized lineage of crabronid wasps that switched to the use of pollen and nectar as larval food, rather than insect prey; this presumably makes Crabronidae a paraphyletic group. Accordingly, bees and sphecoids are now all grouped together in a single superfamily, and the older available name is "Apoidea" rather than "Sphecoidea" (which, like Spheciformes, has been used in the past, but also defined a paraphyletic group and has been abandoned).

As the bees themselves (not including their wasp ancestors) are still considered a monophyletic group, it is still convenient to use a grouping between superfamily and family to unify all bees. A few recent classifications have addressed this problem by lumping all bee families together into a single large family ApidaeFact|date=February 2007, though this has not met with widespread acceptance. The alternative classification in more common use is to unite all bees under the name Anthophila (Engel, 2005), which is equivalent to the obsolete name Apiformes (which meant "bee-like forms" in Latin).

External links

* [http://www.discoverlife.org/20/q?search=Apoidea All Living Things] Images, identification guides, and maps of Apoidea.
* [http://www.earthlife.net/insects/solbees.html Solitary Bees] Popular introduction to the Hymenoptera Apoidea.
* [http://www.bombus.it/pdf/fiori_e_api/fiori_e_api.pdf Fiori e Api d'Albore and Intoppa] Flower visiting bees in Europe pdf. In Italian but excellent table with Latin names.

References

*Engel, M.S. (2005). Family-group names for bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea). "American Museum Novitates" 3476: 1-33.
*cite book|author=Grimaldi, D. and Engel, M.S. |title=Evolution of the Insects|year=2005|publisher=Cambridge University Press|id=ISBN 0-521-82149-5
*Michener, C.D. (2000). "The Bees of the World". Johns Hopkins University Press.