Immunostimulator

Immunostimulator

Immunostimulators are substances (drugs and nutrients) that stimulate the immune system by inducing activation or increasing activity of any of its components. One notable example include granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor, commercially available under "Leukine" name.

Classification

There are two main categories of immunostimulators:

*Specific immunostimulators are those which provide antigenic specificity in immune response, such as vaccines or any antigen.

*Non-specific immunostimulators are those which act irrespective of antigenic specificity to augment immune response of other antigen or stimulate components of the immune system without antigenic specificity, such as adjuvants and non-specific immunostimulators.

Non-specific

Many endogenous substances are non-specific immunostimulators. For example, female sex hormones are known to stimulate both adaptive [cite book | last = Wira | first = CR | coauthors = Crane-Godreau M, Grant K |year=2004 | chapter = Endocrine regulation of the mucosal immune system in the female reproductive tract |title=Mucosal Immunology | editor = In: Ogra PL, Mestecky J, Lamm ME, Strober W, McGhee JR, Bienenstock J (eds.) | publisher = Elsevier | location = San Francisco | id = ISBN 0124915434] and innate immune responses. [cite journal| last = Lang | first = TJ |year=2004 |title=Estrogen as an immunomodulator |journal=Clin Immunol |volume=113 |pages=224–230 |pmid=15507385 |doi=10.1016/j.clim.2004.05.011
cite journal | last = Moriyama | first = A | coauthors = Shimoya K, Ogata I "et al." |year=1999 |title=Secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI) concentrations in cervical mucus of women with normal menstrual cycle |journal=Molecular Human Reproduction |volume=5 |pages=656–661 |pmid=10381821 |url=http://molehr.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/full/5/7/656 |doi=10.1093/molehr/5.7.656
cite journal | last = Cutolo |first= M |coauthors= Sulli A, Capellino S, Villaggio B, Montagna P, Seriolo B, Straub RH|year=2004 |title=Sex hormones influence on the immune system: basic and clinical aspects in autoimmunity |journal=Lupus |volume=13 |pages=635–638 |pmid=15485092 |doi=10.1191/0961203304lu1094oa
cite journal | last = King | first = AE | coauthors = Critchley HOD, Kelly RW |year=2000 |title=Presence of secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor in human endometrium and first trimester decidua suggests an antibacterial role |journal=Molecular Human Reproduction |volume=6 |pages=191–196 |pmid=10655462 |url=http://molehr.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/full/6/2/191 |doi=10.1093/molehr/6.2.191] Some autoimmune diseases such as lupus erythematosus strike women preferentially, and their onset often coincides with puberty. Other hormones appear to regulate the immune system as well, most notably prolactin, growth hormone and vitamin D. [cite journal | last = Dorshkind | first = K | coauthors = Horseman ND |year=2000 |title=The Roles of Prolactin, Growth Hormone, Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I, and Thyroid Hormones in Lymphocyte Development and Function: Insights from Genetic Models of Hormones and Hormone Receptor Deficiency | url=http://edrv.endojournals.org/cgi/content/full/21/3/292?maxtoshow=&HITS=10&hits=10&RESULTFORMAT=&author1=Dorshkind%2C+K%3B+Horseman+ND+&searchid=1&FIRSTINDEX=0&sortspec=relevance&resourcetype=HWCIT|journal=Endocrine Reviews |volume=21 |pages=292–312|pmid=10857555 |doi=10.1210/er.21.3.292] [cite journal | last =Nagpal | first = Sunil |coauthors = Songqing Naand and Radhakrishnan Rathnachalam |year=2005|title=Noncalcemic Actions of Vitamin D Receptor Ligands | url= http://edrv.endojournals.org/cgi/content/full/26/5/662 |journal=Endocrine Reviews |volume=26| issue= 5|pages=662–687|pmid=15798098|doi=10.1210/er.2004-0002.]

Examples of Immunostimulator drugs

*Leukine
*Levamisole

ee also

General

*Antigen
*Co-stimulation
*Immunotherapy
*Immunogenicity
*Immunomodulator
*Macrokine, stimulator of macrophages
*Immunologic adjuvant

Non-synthetic immunostimulators

*Aloe vera
*Sunshine

References

External links

* [http://ees.elsevier.com/vetimm/ Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology journal]
*


Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.

Игры ⚽ Поможем сделать НИР

Look at other dictionaries:

  • immunostimulator — noun An immunostimulant …   Wiktionary

  • Cancer immunoprevention — is the prevention of cancer onset with immunological means such as vaccines, immunostimulators or antibodies P. L. Lollini et al. , Vaccines for tumour prevention, Nat. Rev. Cancer 6: 204 216, 2006.… …   Wikipedia

  • Immune system — A scanning electron microscope image of a single neutrophil (yellow), engulfing anthrax bacteria (orange). An immune system is a system of biological structures and processes within an organism that protects against disease by identifying and… …   Wikipedia

  • Echinacea — Taxobox name = Echinacea image width = 240px image caption = Echinacea purpurea Maxima regnum = Plantae divisio = Magnoliophyta classis = Magnoliopsida ordo = Asterales familia = Asteraceae tribus = Heliantheae genus = Echinacea subdivision ranks …   Wikipedia

  • Melatonin — Not to be confused with Melanin or Melanotan. Melatonin Systematic (IUPAC) name …   Wikipedia

  • Immunomodulator — An immunomodulator is a drug used for its effect on the immune system. There are two types of such drugs based on their effects: *immunosuppressants *immunostimulatorsExternal links* …   Wikipedia

  • List of vaccine topics — Flu vaccine This is a list of vaccine related topics. A vaccine is a biological preparation that improves immunity to a particular disease. A vaccine typically contains an agent that resembles a disease causing microorganism, and is often made… …   Wikipedia

  • Immunogenicity — is the ability of a particular substance, which is called the antigen, to provoke an immune response.*Adaptive immune system *Immunostimulator Immunogenicity The ability to induce humoral and/or cell mediated immune responsesThe ability of… …   Wikipedia

  • Sargramostim — drugbox IUPAC name=Human granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor CAS number=83869 56 1 ATC prefix=L03 ATC suffix=AA09 ATC supplemental= PubChem= DrugBank=BTD00035 C=639|H=1006|N=168|O=196|S=8 molecular weight=14434.5 g/mol… …   Wikipedia

  • Olive leaf — Olive Tree Leaves: Top side and Under side Olive leaf is the leaf of the olive tree (Olea europaea). While olive oil is well known for its flavor and health benefits, the leaf has been used medicinally in various times and places. Natural olive… …   Wikipedia

Share the article and excerpts

Direct link
… Do a right-click on the link above
and select “Copy Link”