Apportionment Bill

The Apportionment Bill is an act passed by the Congress of the United States after each decennial census to determine the number of members which each state shall send to the United States House of Representatives. The number of the members of the first House was 65. Following the first decennial census the House was enlarged to approximate the Constitutional maximum of "Number of Representatives shall not exceed one for every thirty Thousand". As the House would, at this ratio, have become even larger than today's 435 members, the ratio, which is first settled by Congress before apportionment, has been raised after each census, as will be seen from the accompanying table.

The same term is applied to the acts passed by the state legislatures for correcting and redistributing the representation of the counties. Such acts are usually passed at decennial intervals, more often after the federal census, but the dates may vary in different states. The electoral districts so formed are expected to be equal in proportion to the number of inhabitants; but this method has led to much abuse in the past, through the making of unequal districts for partisan purposes; "see gerrymander".

If a state has received an increase in the number of its representatives and its legislature does not pass an apportionment bill before the next congressional election, the votes of the whole state elect the additional members on a general ticket and they are called "congressmen-at-large."

See also

* Congressional Apportionment Amendment

References

*