- Anabolism
Anabolism is the set of
metabolic pathway s that construct molecules from smaller units. [cite web |url=http://www.chem.qmul.ac.uk/iupac/bioinorg/AB.html#20 |title=Glossary of Terms Used in Bioinorganic Chemistry: Anabolism |accessdate=2007-10-30 |last=de Bolster |first=M.W.G. |date=1997 |publisher=International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry] These reactions requireenergy . One way of categorizingmetabolic processes, whether at the cellular, organ or organism level is as 'anabolic' or as 'catabolic', which is the opposite. Anabolism is powered by catabolism, where large molecules are broken down into smaller parts and then used up in respiration. Many anabolic processes are powered byadenosine triphosphate (ATP). [Nicholls D.G. and Ferguson S.J. (2002) "Bioenergetics" Academic press 3rd edition ISBN 0-125-18121-3]Anabolic processes tend toward "building up" organs and tissues. These processes produce growth and differentiation of cells and increase in body size, a process that involves synthesis of complex
molecule s. Examples of anabolic processes include the growth and mineralization ofbone and increases inmuscle mass.Endocrinologist s have traditionally classifiedhormone s as anabolic or catabolic, depending on which part of metabolism they stimulate. The classic anabolic hormones are theanabolic steroid s, which stimulate protein synthesis and muscle growth. The balance between anabolism and catabolism is also regulated bycircadian rhythm s, with processes such as glucose metabolism fluctuating to match an animal's normal periods of activity throughout the day. [cite journal |author=Ramsey KM, Marcheva B, Kohsaka A, Bass J |title=The clockwork of metabolism |journal=Annu. Rev. Nutr. |volume=27 |issue= |pages=219–40 |year=2007 |pmid=17430084 |doi=10.1146/annurev.nutr.27.061406.093546]Classic anabolic hormones
*
Growth hormone
*IGF1 and otherinsulin-like growth factor s
*Insulin
*Testosterone
*Estradiol Newer hormones associated with the balance of the catabolic and anabolic states include
*Orexin andHypocretin (a hormone pair)
*Melatonin ee also
*
Metabolism
*Anabolic steroid
*Catabolism References
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