Chris Squire

Chris Squire
Performing with Yes in Indianapolis, August 30, 1977
Background information
Birth name	Christopher Russell Edward Squire
Born	4 March 1948 (1948-03-04) (age 63) London, England
Genres	Progressive rock, symphonic rock, pop
Occupations	Musician, singer-songwriter
Instruments	Bass, vocals, keyboards, guitar
Years active	1965–present
Labels	Atlantic, Wounded Bird, Sanctuary, Lime, Stone Ghost
Associated acts	The Selfs, The Syn, Mabel Greer's Toyshop, Yes, XYZ, Conspiracy
Website	chrissquire.com
Notable instruments
Rickenbacker 4001CS

Christopher Russell Edward "Chris" Squire (born 4 March 1948), is an English musician, known as the bass guitarist and backing vocalist for the progressive rock group Yes. He is the only member of the group to appear on every album.

Biography

Before Yes

He was born in Kingsbury, a suburb of northwest London, in England. His father was a cab driver, and his mother a housewife. He was trained in the St Andrew's church choir as a young boy, beginning his musical career with a group called the "Selfs" , along with his friend Andrew Jackman who played the keyboards. The band had their own venue at the St Andrew's church hall where on Friday nights they played at their own club, called appropriately, the "Graveyard Club". This was run by a group of local Grammar School boys which included Jonathan Angell, Bill Mesley, Chris Mann and Colin Mallett.

When Squire was about sixteen, The Beatles and Paul McCartney were the catalyst that prompted him to consider a career in music and to take up the bass guitar.^[1] In 1964, he was suspended from the Haberdashers' Aske's Boys' School for "having long hair", and given money to get a haircut. Instead he went home, used the money for other things, and never returned to school.

Squire was fond of experimenting with LSD in the 1960s, until an incident where he had a bad acid trip. He recalled that "it was the last time I ever took it, having ended up in St Stephen's Hospital in Fulham for a couple of days not knowing who I was, or what I was, or who anybody else was."^[2] He also recalled that he spent months inside his girlfriend's apartment, afraid to leave, and it was during this time that he developed his style on the bass. He recovered and never used LSD again.

Squire's first bass was a Futurama, "very cheap, but good enough to learn on."^[3] He acquired his signature Rickenbacker 4001 bass in 1965, while working at Boosey & Hawkes. His early influences were diverse, ranging from church and choral music to the Merseybeat sounds of the early 1960s and he studied the bass styles of John Entwistle, Jack Bruce, and Larry Graham.^[3] Squire's first musical groups The Selfs, The Syn (both including Jackman), and later, Mabel Greer's Toyshop, would introduce him to his early Yes collaborators Peter Banks and Jon Anderson. In 1965, he made his first public appearance with the Selfs at "The Graveyard" club in St Andrew's Church Hall.^[4]

Yes

During his first conversation with Anderson, the pair broke the ice by discussing one of their favourite groups, Simon & Garfunkel (Yes later covered the duo's "America") and Squire discovered that he and Anderson were both into vocal groups. His other influences included The Fifth Dimension and The Beatles.^[5] Squire claimed Yes was formed with Anderson, drummer Bill Bruford and keyboardist Tony Kaye partly out of necessity. "I couldn't get session work because most musicians hated my style. They wanted me to play something a lot more basic. We started Yes as a vehicle to develop everyone's individual styles."^[6]

Yes released their first record in 1969, and though the band have had many personnel changes over the years, they have continued to record and tour for over 40 years. Squire is the only original member who has remained in the lineup throughout the band's recording tenure, with Jon Anderson only having been absent on 1980's Drama and 2011's Fly From Here. He has also been one of the main forces behind the band's music, as well as "perhaps the most enigmatic" group member.^[7]

While Anderson typically handled the lyrics, Howe and Squire co-wrote much of the band's music with Anderson. In addition, Squire and Howe would supply backing vocals in harmony with Anderson, which can be heard on songs like "South Side of the Sky" and "Close to the Edge".

During the band's formative years Squire was frequently known for his tardiness, a habit that drummer Bill Bruford often complained about. Because of this, Squire would frequently drive at unsafe speeds to get to gigs on time, once causing an accident on the way to a gig in West Germany after he fell asleep at the wheel, although nobody was injured.

As Squire, along with Alan White and Steve Howe, co-owned the "Yes" name at the time, the 1989 ABWH lineup without him (which contained Anderson, Bruford, Wakeman and Howe) could not record under that name.

Squire has concentrated overwhelmingly on Yes' music over the years, and his solo works have been few and far between. His first solo record was 1975's Fish Out of Water, featuring Yes alumni Bill Bruford on drums and Patrick Moraz on keyboards and The Syn/The Selfs alumnus Andrew Jackman also on keyboards. Squire was later a member of the short-lived XYZ (eX-Yes/Zeppelin) in 1981, a group composed of Alan White (Yes) on drums and Jimmy Page (Led Zeppelin) on guitar. XYZ recorded several demo tracks at Squire's home studio in Virginia Water, but never produced anything formal, though two of the demos provided the basis for two later Yes tracks, "Mind Drive" and "Can You Imagine?". Squire also played a role in bringing Trevor Rabin into the Cinema band project, which became the 90125 lineup.

Conspiracy and beyond

Later, Squire would join with Yes guitarist Billy Sherwood in a side project called Conspiracy. This band's self-titled debut album contained the nuclei of several songs that had appeared on Yes' recent albums. Conspiracy's second album, The Unknown, was released in 2003.

In late 2004, Squire joined a reunion of The Syn, subsequently leaving the band in May 2006. He worked on two solo projects with other former Syn collaborators Gerard Johnson, Jeremy Stacey and Paul Stacey. A Christmas album, Chris Squire's Swiss Choir, was released in 2007 (with Johnson, J. Stacey and Steve Hackett).

On 9 February 2009, Squire was rushed to a hospital to treat an aneurysm in his leg, leading ultimately to the cancellation of the remaining dates of a leg of the In the Present tour. He has since fully recovered, and touring resumed.

Style

Squire's bass playing is noted for being aggressive, dynamic, and melodic. Squire's main instrument is a Rickenbacker bass (model RM1999, serial number DC127), which he has owned and played since 1965—the year it was first introduced. In many ways, the Rickenbacker was the polar opposite of the then commonly used Fender bass. (In fact, the electric bass at the time was often referred to as the "Fender.") The RM1999 was a budget, monophonic version of Rickenbacker's 4001 stereo bass. This model was imported into the UK by Rose Morris Ltd (hence the RM prefix on the model number) and, according to Squire's official website, was only the fourth bass of its type to be imported into Britain from the United States.

Squire mentioned in a 1979 interview with Circus Weekly that he acquired this bass while working at the Boosey & Hawkes music store in London.^[3] This instrument, with its warmth and distortion, is a significant part of Squire's unique sound. Due to its distinct high/mid tone, it allowed the bass to take on a more "lead" role, which suited Squire perfectly. Unlike the grooving low end thump established by James Jamerson and imitated throughout the world of rock and R&B, Squire constructed contrapuntal lines reminiscent of a "Bach/Baroque" style where the bass played a separate melody from the main theme. The fact that the Rickenbacker had a "harpsichord-like" sound suited this approach perfectly.

According to his interview in Guitar Player magazine in October 1973, Squire obtained his distinctive tone at the time by rewiring his RM1999 into stereo and sending the bass and treble pickups each into a separate amplifier. By splitting the signal from his bass into dual high and low frequency outputs and then sending the low frequency output to a conventional bass amplifier and the high-frequency output to a separate lead guitar amplifier, Squire produced a tonal 'sandwich' that added a growling, overdrive edge to the sound while retaining the Rickenbacker's powerful bass response. This gave his bass sound bright, growling higher frequencies and clean, solid bass frequencies. This technique allowed Squire to utilize harmonic distortion on his bass while avoiding the flat, fuzzy sound, loss of power and poor bass response that typically occurs when bass guitars are overdriven through an amplifier or put through a fuzz box. During an interview to Bass Player magazine in January 2009, Squire claimed to have rewired his bass to stereo, even before Rickenbacker introduced the Rick-O-Sound feature, so he could send the output of the bass (neck) pickup through a fuzz box, while keeping the treble (bridge) pickup clean, because the last sounded "horribly nasal" when used with the fuzz effect.^[8] He also plays with a pick which contributes to the sharp attack as well as using fresh Rotosound Swing Bass strings for every show.^[9] Squire's intricate and complex bass playing style has influenced subsequent bassists such as Billy Sheehan, Geddy Lee of Rush, Steve Harris of Iron Maiden, Les Claypool of Primus, John Myung of Dream Theater, and Robert DeLeo of Stone Temple Pilots.^[10]

In addition to his back-up vocals, Squire is featured as lead vocalist on two Yes songs: "Can You Imagine?" from Magnification and "The Man You Always Wanted Me to Be" from Fly From Here. He also has a more prominent vocal role on parts of the Drama album.

Nickname

Chris Squire is commonly known by his nickname "Fish", and the name is associated with many of his works (including his solo record, Fish Out of Water, and the solo piece "The Fish (Schindleria Praematurus)" from the 1971 Yes record Fragile). The name has multiple origins. First, his astrological sign is Pisces. Second, in the early days of Yes' career, he once accidentally flooded a hotel room in Oslo, Norway, while taking a shower, and Bill Bruford gave him the nickname.^[11] He may also have acquired this nickname because of the alleged amount of time he spends in the bath. On the 2007 documentary "The Classic Artists Series 3: Yes", Bruford says that the nickname arose because Squire spent long periods in the bathroom while they shared a house together in Fulham.

Family

Chris Squire married Nikki, whom he had met in 1970.^[12][13] She sang on the 1981 Christmas single "Run with the Fox" and also the track "Hold Out Your Hand" from Fish Out Of Water. In 1983, she formed Esquire, on whose first album Chris, Alan White and Trevor Horn assisted. Their family included Carmen Squire (Chris's stepdaughter), Chandrika and Camille Squire. The couple divorced after fifteen years of marriage.

Squire married actress Melissa Morgan on 8 May 1993. She was well-known for her role as Brittany Norman on "The Young and The Restless" and later returned to the daytime program as Agnes Sorensen.^[14][15][16] They have a son, Cameron. The two have since divorced.

Scotland became Squire's third wife. She gave birth to their first child, a daughter named Xilan, on 19 December 2008. They reside in the Chelsea neighborhood of London.

Discography

Solo

• Fish Out of Water (1975) - UK #25^[17]
• Chris Squire & Alan White - Run With the Fox (1981)
• Chris Squire's Swiss Choir (2007)

Guest appearances

• Eddie Harris - E.H. In the U.K. (1974)
• Esquire - Esquire (1987) (only backup vocals)
• Rock Aid Armenia - The Earthquake Album (1990)
• Rick Wakeman - The Six Wives of Henry VIII (1973)
• Rick Wakeman - Criminal Record (1977)
• Rick Wakeman - The Classical Connection II (1992, material recorded in 1971)
• World Trade - Euphoria (1995 - cowriter of the third and nine songs The Evolution Song & Say Goodbye, with Billy Sherwood)
• various artists - Pigs & Pyramids—An All Star Lineup Performing the Songs of Pink Floyd (2002)
  • material re-used on Billy Sherwood's Back Against the Wall (2005)
• Gov't Mule - The Deep End, Volume 2 (2002)
• Steve Hackett - Out of the Tunnel's Mouth (2009)

With Yes

see Yes discography

With Conspiracy

• Conspiracy - 2000 (+ DVD)
• The Unknown - 2003

With The Syn

see The Syn

Instructional

Star Licks Productions, Chris Squire Instructional Bass Video

References

1. ^ Hedges, Dan.: Yes: The Authorized Biography. (London: Sidgwick & Jackson, 1981), 15-18.
2. ^ Hedges, Dan.: Yes: The Authorized Biography. (London: Sidgwick & Jackson, 1981), 19.
3. ^ ^{a b c} Soocher, Stan: "Squire's bass fire", Circus Weekly, 13 March 1979, 33.
4. ^ Hedges, Dan.: Yes: The Authorized Biography. (London: Sidgwick & Jackson, 1981), 18.
5. ^ Welch, Chris. Close to the Edge: The Story of Yes. Omnibus Press. p. 9. 
6. ^ Gill, Chris. Guitar World's Bass Guitar, Fall 2003 issue, p. 22.
7. ^ Welch, Chris. Close to the Edge: The Story of Yes. Omnibus Press. p. 10. 
8. ^ "Basso Cantante, Continuo Chris Squire's Singing Bass Rings Again With Yes". Bassplayer.com. http://www.bassplayer.com/article/basso-cantantecontinuo-chris/January-2009/91289. Retrieved 2011-08-17. 
9. ^ Bass Heroes: Tom Mulhern. http://books.google.com/books?id=QxDbKssKXzEC&pg=PA136&lpg=PA136&dq=%22chris+squire%22++rotosound. Retrieved 2011-08-17. 
10. ^ Hill, Gary (1948-03-04). "Chris Squire". AllMusic. http://www.allmusic.com/artist/chris-squire-p5508. Retrieved 2011-08-17. 
11. ^ "1996 Interview". Nfte.org. http://www.nfte.org/interviews/0165_Squire.html. Retrieved 2011-08-17. 
12. ^ "Esquire". All Music Guide. http://allmusic.com/artist/esquire-p17351/biography. Retrieved February 28, 2011. 
13. ^ Welch, Chris. Close to the Edge: The Story of Yes. Omnibus Press. p. 220. 
14. ^ "Melissa Morgan Squire is returning...". TV Guide website. 11. http://www.tvguide.com/soaps/Melissa-Morgan-Squire-56719.aspx. Retrieved February 28, 2011. 
15. ^ "Broadway World". http://broadwayworld.com/people/Melissa_Morgan/. Retrieved February 28, 2011. 
16. ^ Goldstein, Toby. "Ashley Is Back On The `Y&rR' Scene". The Orlando Sentienal. http://articles.orlandosentinel.com/2003-07-20/entertainment/0307160280_1_melchior-kelly-dorian. 
17. ^ Roberts, David (2006). British Hit Singles & Albums (19th ed.). London: Guinness World Records Limited. p. 523. ISBN 1-904994-10-5. 

External links

• Official website
• Chris Squire on Myspace
• Discussion group
• Notes from the Edge, official Yes online fan club
• Chris Squire discography
• Fan news page
• 1983 audio interview with Trevor Rabin, Alan White, Chris Squire, Jon Anderson, Rick Wakeman

Persondata
Name	Squire, Chris
Alternative names
Short description
Date of birth	4 March 1948
Place of birth
Date of death
Place of death