Apophyllite

Infobox mineral
name = Apophyllite
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formula = (K,Na)Ca₄Si₈ O₂₀(F,OH) • 8H₂O
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color = Usually white, colorless; also blue, green, brown, yellow, pink, violet
habit = prismatic, tabular, massive
system = Tetragonal; Orthorhombic (natroapophyllite)
twinning =
cleavage = [001] Perfect
fracture = Uneven
mohs = 4.5 - 5
luster = Vitreous; Pearly
refractive = 1.536
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birefringence =
pleochroism = Dichroic (colorless)
streak = White
gravity = 2.3 - 2.4
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diaphaneity = Transparent to translucent
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The name apophyllite refers to a specific group of phyllosilicates, a class of minerals that also includes the micas. Originally, the group name referred to a specific mineral, but was redefined in 1978 to stand for a class of minerals of similar chemical makeup that comprise a solid solution series, and includes the members fluorapophyllite, hydroxyapophyllite, and natroapophyllite. The name apophyllite is derived from the Greek "apophylliso," meaning "it flakes off," a reference to this class's tendency flake apart when heated, due to water loss. These minerals are typically found as secondary minerals in holes in basalt or other igneous rocks. They can also be called "fisheye stone". [http://www.maden.hacettepe.edu.tr/dmmrt/dmmrt50.html#d1040]

Though relatively unfamiliar to the general public, apophyllites are fairly prevalent around the world, with specimens coming from some of the world's most well-known mineral localities. These localities include: Poona, India; the Harz Mountains of Germany, Mont Saint-Hilaire in Canada, and Kongsberg, Norway, with other locations in Scotland, Ireland, Brazil, Japan, and throughout the United States.

Uses

Apophyllites are popular as collector's minerals. This popularity is due to a combination of factors, including their abundance, color variety, and well-defined crystals. Naturally forming pyramidal structures, they refract light in obvious rainbows, and can form "natural pyramids" when subjected to rock tumbling.

pecies of Apophyllite

*Fluorapophyllite, (potassium, sodium)calcium₄silicon₈oxygen₂₀(fluorine, hydroxide)hydrate|8 - white, colorless, yellow, green, violet
*Hydroxyapophyllite, potassiumcalcium₄silicon₈oxygen₂₀(hydroxide, fluorine)hydrate|8 - white, colorless
*Natroapophyllite, (potassium, sodium)calcium₄silicon₈oxygen₂₀fluorinehydrate|8 - brown, yellow, colorless

References

* [http://webmineral.com/data/Apophyllite.shtml WebMineral Listing]
* [http://www.mindat.org/min-283.html MinDat Listing]
* [http://mineral.galleries.com/minerals/silicate/apophyll/apophyll.htm Mineral Galleries]
*cite journal | author= Colville AA, Anderson CP, Black PM| title= Refinement of the crystal structure of apophyllite: I. X-ray diffraction and physical properties | journal=American Mineralogist| year=1971 | volume=56 | pages=1222–1233