Liquefaction of gases

Liquefaction of gases

Liquefaction of gases includes a number of phases used to convert a gas into a liquid state. The processes are used for scientific, industrial and commercial purposes. Many gases can be put into a liquid state at normal atmospheric pressure by simple cooling; a few, such as carbon dioxide, require pressurization as well. Liquefaction is used for analyzing the fundamental properties of gas molecules (intermolecular forces), for storage of gases, for example: LPG, and in refrigeration and air conditioning. There the gas is liquefied in the "condenser", where the heat of vaporization is released, and evaporated in the "evaporator," where the heat of vaporization is absorbed. Ammonia was the first such refrigerant, but it has been replaced by compounds derived from petroleum and halogens.

Liquid oxygen is provided to hospitals for conversion to gas for patients suffering from breathing problems, and liquid nitrogen is used by dermatologists and by inseminators to freeze semen. Liquefied chlorine is transported for eventual solution in water, after which it is used for water purification, sanitation of industrial waste, sewage and swimming pools, bleaching of pulp and textiles and manufacture of carbon tetrachloride, glycol and numerous other organic compounds as well as phosgene gas. It was used in warfare in World War I at Flanders ( [http://www.physchem.co.za/Inorganic/Halogens.htm] ) and in gaseous form at Ypres, Belgium, though the shells were filled with liquid [http://www.ubcpress.ca/books/pdf/chapters/noplacetorun/chap1.pdf] .

Liquefaction of helium (4He) with the Hampson-Linde cycle led to a Nobel Prize for Heike Kamerlingh Onnes in 1913. At ambient pressure the boiling point of liquefied helium is 4.22 K (-268.93°C). Below 2.17 K liquid 4He has many amazing properties, such as climbing the walls of the vessel, exhibiting zero viscosity, and offering no lift to a wing past which it flows.

History

ee also

*Compressibility factor
*Gas separation
*Liquid air
*Turboexpander
*Louis Paul Cailletet

External links

* [http://www.bookrags.com/sciences/chemistry/liquefaction-of-gases-woc.html Liquefaction of Gases]
* [http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/SP-4404/app-a1.htm History of Liquefying Hydrogen - NASA]


Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.

Игры ⚽ Поможем написать реферат

Look at other dictionaries:

  • Liquefaction — may refer to:* Soil liquefaction, the process by which sediments become suspended * Liquefaction of gases in physics, chemistry, and thermal engineering * Liquefactive necrosis in pathology * Liquification, the general process of becoming liquid …   Wikipedia

  • Coal liquefaction — is the process of producing synthetic liquid fuels from coal. Contents 1 Methods 1.1 Pyrolysis and carbonization processes 1.2 Hydrogenation processes 1.3 …   Wikipedia

  • incoercible gases — Permanent Per ma*nent, a. [L. permanens, entis, p. pr. of permanere to stay or remain to the end, to last; per + manere to remain: cf. F. permanent. See {Per }, and {Mansion}.] Continuing in the same state, or without any change that destroys… …   The Collaborative International Dictionary of English

  • incondensible gases — Permanent Per ma*nent, a. [L. permanens, entis, p. pr. of permanere to stay or remain to the end, to last; per + manere to remain: cf. F. permanent. See {Per }, and {Mansion}.] Continuing in the same state, or without any change that destroys… …   The Collaborative International Dictionary of English

  • Permanent gases — Permanent Per ma*nent, a. [L. permanens, entis, p. pr. of permanere to stay or remain to the end, to last; per + manere to remain: cf. F. permanent. See {Per }, and {Mansion}.] Continuing in the same state, or without any change that destroys… …   The Collaborative International Dictionary of English

  • Glossary of fuel cell terms — The Glossary of fuel cell terms lists the definitions of many terms used within the fuel cell industry. The terms in this glossary may be used by fuel cell industry associations, in education material and fuel cell codes and standards to name but …   Wikipedia

  • James Dewar — For other people named James Dewar, see James Dewar (disambiguation). James Dewar Sir James Dewar FRS Born …   Wikipedia

  • Louis Paul Cailletet — Infobox Scientist name = PAGENAME box width = image width =150px caption = PAGENAME birth date = September 21, 1832 birth place = Châtillon sur Seine death date = January 5, 1913 death place = residence = citizenship = nationality = France… …   Wikipedia

  • Raoul Pictet — Infobox Scientist name = Raoul Pierre Pictet box width = image width =150px caption = Raoul Pierre Pictet birth date = 4 April 1846 birth place = Geneva death date = 27 July 1929 death place = Paris residence = citizenship = nationality = Swiss… …   Wikipedia

  • Noble gas — Group 18 Period 1 2 He 2 …   Wikipedia

Share the article and excerpts

Direct link
Do a right-click on the link above
and select “Copy Link”