Coupling (UK TV series)

Coupling
Coupling intertitle (series 1–3)
Format	British sitcom
Written by	Steven Moffat
Directed by	Martin Dennis
Starring	Jack Davenport Gina Bellman Sarah Alexander Kate Isitt Ben Miles Richard Coyle (series 1–3) Richard Mylan (series 4)
Opening theme	"Perhaps, Perhaps, Perhaps" (Vocals by Mari Wilson)
Composer(s)	Simon Brint
Country of origin	United Kingdom
Language(s)	English
No. of series	4
No. of episodes	28 (List of episodes)
Production
Executive producer(s)	Beryl Vertue (series 1–3) Geoffrey Perkins (series 1–2) Sophie Clarke-Jervoise (series 3–4)
Producer(s)	Sue Vertue
Running time	30 minutes
Broadcast
Original channel	BBC Two (series 1–3) BBC Three (series 4)
Original run	12 May 2000 – 14 June 2004
Chronology
Related shows	Joking Apart Coupling (U.S.) Coupling (Greek)
External links
Website

Coupling is a British television sitcom written by Steven Moffat that aired on BBC2 from May 2000 to June 2004. Produced by Hartswood Films for the BBC, the show centres on the dating and sexual adventures and mishaps of six friends in their thirties, often depicting the three women and the three men each talking among themselves about the same events, but in entirely different terms.

The series was inspired by Moffat's relationship with producer Sue Vertue, to the extent that they gave their names to two of the characters. Coupling is an example of the "group-genre", an ensemble show that had proven popular at the time.^[1] Critics compared the show to the American sitcoms Friends and Seinfeld.

The critical reaction was largely positive, and the show was named "Best TV Comedy" at the 2003 British Comedy Awards. The show debuted to unimpressive ratings, but its popularity soon increased and by the end of the third series the show had achieved decent ratings in the UK. The series began airing on PBS stations and on BBC America in the United States in late 2002 and quickly gained a devoted fanbase there as well. The show is syndicated around the world. Short-lived American and Greek adaptations were briefly produced in 2003 and 2007 respectively.

Production

Inception

Moffat had used the breakdown of his first marriage as inspiration for his 1990s sitcom Joking Apart.^[2][3] Retaining this semi-autobiographical trend, Coupling was based on him meeting his wife, Sue Vertue, and on the issues that arise in new relationships.^[4]

According to an interview with The New York Times, Moffat met Vertue at the Edinburgh International Television Festival in 1996.^[4] Vertue had been working for Tiger Aspect, a production company run by Peter Bennett-Jones. Bennett-Jones and his friend and former colleague Andre Ptaszynski, who had worked with Moffat on the sitcoms Joking Apart and Chalk, told Moffat and Vertue that each fancied the other. A relationship blossomed and they left their respective production companies to join Hartswood Films, run by Beryl Vertue, Sue's mother.^[5] After production wrapped on Chalk in 1997, Moffat announced to the cast that he was marrying Vertue.^[6]

When she eventually asked him to write a sitcom for Hartswood, he decided to base it around the evolution of their own relationship. Drunk one evening, he went into her office, wrote the word "Coupling" on a sheet of paper and told her to ask him about it later.^[4]

The couple formed the basis for the main characters Steve and Susan. The four other characters are Steve and Susan's best friends and last ex-relationships (one of each for both Steve and Susan); they represent the extremes of confidence and paranoia between the sexes when it comes to relationships. The two main characters are left to negotiate their own relationship as illuminated by these extremes. The fourth episode, "Inferno", was written shortly after Vertue had found a similar tape in the VCR, although Moffat added the 'spanking' element to the script as he "didn't think the real tape was quite pervy enough.'"^[4]

The show used the "group-genre", a type of programme using ensemble casts that was proving popular, with then-recent successes as Friends, This Life (also starring Davenport) and Cold Feet. Moffat, according to the Birmingham Post, "is a huge fan of the group genre and claims its success works because it reflects modern society. He believes that traditional sitcoms fail to reflect the increased freedoms young people now have in society." The newspaper quotes Moffat, "Young people watch because it is the lifestyle which is just ahead of them and older people reminisce. Coupling is about two people who get together and bring with them baggage from their past, friends and ex-partners - people who would never meet under normal circumstances. It deals in the kind of trivia people talk about, important questions like. when should a man take off his socks during foreplay?"^[1] Moffat thinks, as the Birmingham Post paraphrase, "the group show is very much a late 20th century invention and would not have been popular with television viewers of previous generations."^[1] Moffat comments,

Friends would have run for only half a series if it had been set during my parents' time. I am sure there has always been misbehaving by people before they settle down, but there was this perception that anyone who ever got married before the 60s was a virgin. What has changed is that all important gap between having left mummy and daddy and becoming a parent yourself. This is the time in which you make decisions which will define you. These few years are pivotal and they are getting longer. There are now people running round with disposable incomes who still want to do lots of things before they settle down to one partner.^[1]

Writing

According to Vertue, Steven Moffat wrote at the top of their house. Once he finished a script she read it two floors away so that he could not hear her laughing. The producer says that his first drafts were "pretty much ready to shoot".^[7] She did not give him many notes; she would tick all of the places where she laughed, and then he revised the script accordingly.^[7]

The humour of the show, according to Moffat, is in the context. He says that there are "no jokes per se" and if they did put jokes in, they were normally taken out because they did not work. He found writing the show difficult at first because he was writing his own voice six times over, with none of the characteristics and inflections of the performers to inspire him.^[7]

The use of techniques that are unconventional in sitcoms, such as split screen and non-linear narratives were not originally intended.^[7] The first series episode "The Girl with Two Breasts", in which half of the episode is in Hebrew,^[8] proved so popular that they tried to do something similar every series. Moffat says that the simplicity of the setting encouraged an "epic, ridiculous way of telling an ordinary story."^[7] The opening episode of series three, "Split", uses split screen to simultaneously depict what happens with Steve and Susan after separating.^[9] The series four opener, "Nine and a Half Minutes", depicts the same events in the bar from three different perspectives.^[10]

Rehearsals

Rehearsals for Coupling took place in a church hall off Kensington High Street.^[11] British sitcoms, unlike their American counterparts, usually cannot afford to occupy a studio facility for the entire run.^[7]

The actors received their scripts on Friday mornings. They had a read-through, the timing of which usually resulted in Moffat cutting minutes worth of material.^[7] Director Martin Dennis worked out the camera script on Saturday afternoons. After a day off on Sundays, the sets were erected for a producer's run on Mondays, and then a technical run on Tuesdays. Much of Wednesday was spent camera blocking, a process which regularly over-ran at the expense of a dress-rehearsal.^[7]

As the actors became familiar with the material, they would sometimes expand a joke. However, according to Moffat, this could complicate a joke too much for an audience coming to the material for the first time.^[12] Martin Dennis, according to Moffat, regularly told the actors, "You know that funny thing you're doing? Don't do that."^[12] The director encouraged them to deliver lines as well as in the read-through.^[12]

Recording

All of the location sequences for each series were filmed in London in the first week of each production block. As Moffat was generally late delivering the final few scripts of each series, those episodes contained no location material.^[11] The exterior shots of the bar were filmed in Clerkenwell in the first series. After a nearby Thai restaurant complained that filming was disrupting their business, a street just off Tottenham Court Road was used from series two.^[11] The house in which Moffat and Vertue lived at the time was used as the exterior for Steve's flat, with the surrounding area used for other sequences.^[12]

Episodes of Coupling were filmed in front of a live studio audience at Teddington Studios in London

Episodes were mostly filmed in front of a live studio audience at Teddington Studios in South West London on Wednesday evenings. Sue Vertue says that the live audience reinvigorated the company because no-one had laughed at the material for a few days as everyone knew it so well.^[7] The performers were introduced to the studio audience by the warm-up comedian, who also updated them about any important plot detail, and entertained them while cameras and sets were being repositioned. Rob Rouse fulfilled this role for the fourth series.^[7]

Material that was technically difficult was filmed the day before the recording with the live studio audience. An example would be a dinner-table sequence, where some characters would be filmed against the fourth wall, rather than the often-used contrived method of cramming everyone together around the proscenium. Readjusting the set and refilming against the fourth wall would have been too time consuming.^[7] However, the absence of the studio audiences made it more difficult for the actors to judge the timing of the laughs. For instance, Moffat says that this prevented Gina Bellman from "milking" a particular laugh in the episode "Dressed", an episode in which most of her scenes were pre-recorded as she was wearing minimal clothing on set to provide the illusion of complete nudity.^[12] Any pre-recorded sequences were tightened in the editing process once the scenes had been played to the studio audience.^[11]

Despite some critics' comments, all of the laughter in Coupling was from a genuine live studio audience.^[11] Although artificial, canned laughter was not used, the laughter sometimes had to be tweaked during the editing process. For instance, the studio audience might laugh for longer than the home audience might be expected to. Also, the audience's laughter decreased if a scene has to go through multiple takes; in these cases the laughter from an early take would be used.^[7]

Moffat felt uncomfortable during the studio recording as he felt rather powerless. Sitting in the gallery, he wrote the word 'help' repeatedly on the back of his script. In an interview he says he was aware that their most successful show received the least amount of laughter from the studio audience.^[7] Conversely, studio audiences reacted emphatically to his previous studio sitcom, Chalk, yet it received a poor critical reception upon transmission.^[5] Martin Dennis would start editing from the following Monday afternoon. The episodes were then colour graded and dubbed with sound effects and music.^[7]

Mari Wilson performed the song "Perhaps, Perhaps, Perhaps" for the title sequence. The title sequence, as Mark Lawson described, consists of "brightly coloured and suggestive shapes swirl around the screen: circles, curves and angles tumble like limbs locked together in sex. As the names of the actors discreetly sweep across in black lettering, the bright shapes form the title: Coupling."^[13] Lawson calls the design, "elegant simplicity, showing how a clever choice of theme tune can evoke an atmosphere and set a pace to which images can be cut."^[13] The colour scheme was changed for the fourth series, although the basic design remained.

Characters

Coupling is almost entirely based around the antics of the six main characters. The show was inspired by Moffat's relationship with producer Sue Vertue, to the extent that they gave their names to two of the characters. Coupling features no other recurring characters that last beyond a few episodes. In the series, "the women are mainly confident and sexually quite voracious, whilst the blokes are completely useless, riddled with self doubt and awkwardness."^[14]

Steve Taylor (Jack Davenport) is in the process of breaking off his relationship with Jane as the series begins.^[15] The remainder of the series shows the development of a relationship with Susan, from dating, proposal of marriage, and, as the series concludes, becoming father to her baby.^[16] No reference is made to Steve's job during the series, but in a DVD commentary, Moffat mentions that Steve is, like him, a writer. Moffat had used the surname "Taylor" for Robert Bathurst's character in his earlier sitcom Joking Apart. The name is also that of a Doctor Who companion played by Peter Purves.

According to the BBC's website, Steve "tries to be the voice of reason while talking to his mates over a pint, but more often than not he stumbles into more complex and ridiculous situations than any of them."^[14] Writer Moffat says that Steve

can be just as erratic as Jeff can be, and certainly in the first part of the series, he remonstrates with Jeff for his madness. At the same time he tells Patrick off for being ruthless with women, and yet the evidence shows that Steve himself is a bit of a bastard. For example he asks Susan out on a date while he's having sex with Jane. He is quite typical of having all the same lusts and appetites as Patrick while also having the nervousness of Jeff and the new character Oliver. He forms a compromise of a politically correct weasel, which helps him to believe that he's a decent chap. Actually he's really too frightened of Susan to misbehave!^[14]

Susan Walker (Sarah Alexander) – Best friend to Sally, girlfriend/fiancée to Steve and ex-girlfriend of Patrick, Susan is one of Jeff's co-workers. Susan is usually very sensible and organised, a fact often resented by her friends Sally and Jane. Susan can be very insecure and often takes this out on Steve. When angry she will generally say "apparently," a habit first noted in the first series episode "Inferno" and shown to be inherited from her mother in "My Dinner in Hell". In the series 1 episode "Size Matters" it is implied that Susan views Angus Deayton in the same way that Steve views Mariella Frostrup, even keeping two pictures of him hidden in her bedroom. Steve and Susan's various arguments and differences of opinion make up a majority of the comic exchanges between them. Susan is a successful career woman, speaks French fluently, and takes her work life very seriously. Whilst Susan's job is never directly referred to, she works alongside Jeff, an accountant, and she reveals she has a degree in Economics. In series 4, she has a baby boy with Steve.

Jeff Murdock (Richard Coyle) – Best friend to Steve and co-worker to Susan, whom he has dated once. Jeff's constant sexual frustration, ridiculous stories and fantasies about women and sex make up a major part of the comedy. Jeff is terrible at talking to women, often stumbling and unintentionally making up lie upon lie in an attempt to avoid looking stupid. These always backfire on him. He is known for a fondness for the word "breasts", often muttering it during conversations. From tidbits he occasionally lets slip, it appears that his problems can largely be traced back to his eccentric and domineering mother (who appears in 2.8, "Naked", played by Anwen Williams). Jeff works as an accountant in an office with Susan, and it is through him that Steve and Susan initially meet. Jeff leaves the series in the 4th series, but returns in a dream sequence in Steve's imagination in the final episode, "Nine and a Half Months"; portrayed by Samantha Spiro, "Jeffina" has undergone sex-reassignment surgery whilst living on the island of Lesbos, in a failed attempt to see another woman naked again. Richard Coyle quit his role as Jeff before the fourth series.^[17]

Sally Harper (Kate Isitt) – Best friend to Susan (and girlfriend to Patrick by series 4), Sally is obsessed with her own appearance and constantly worries about the effects of aging and life in general on her looks. Her worst fear seems to be of dying alone, but she seems totally inept at relationships due to her frequent paranoia which tends to make her out as a very mean spirited woman. Sally runs her own beauty parlour and is a successful businesswoman, but out of the entire group, she is the most insecure and resentful. A Labour supporter, she finds it difficult to reconcile this with her attraction to Patrick, a Tory.

Patrick Maitland (Ben Miles) – Ex-boyfriend to Susan (and Sally's boyfriend by series 4), Patrick has a one-track mind: sex. This gives him a very narrow view of women, but he is great at courting them. Frequent references are made to his rather large penis; Susan nicknames him "donkey" and "tripod," sparking much of Sally's initial interest in him despite her other objections. Although intelligent, Patrick has a habit of saying things without thinking that give the impression that he is rather dense. Two explanations for this given in the series are his own claim that he 'doesn't have a subconscious' and thus 'nothing is going on' in his head and Sally's remark that there's not enough blood in his body for 'both ends' (making reference to his abnormally large penis). He is very good at getting women to bed, and cannot comprehend meeting a woman and not having sex with her. It is revealed in the fourth series that he generally leaves in middle of the night. In one episode it is revealed that unbeknownst to him, a woman from his past made a vibrator from a plaster cast of Patrick's erect penis and marketed as the Junior Patrick; the box clearly has a 10-inch measurement on the side when seen later in the episode. Patrick's love of the ladies often backfires, and the series frequently features story lines about his possessive lovers and ex-lovers. Patrick is a successful businessman and is very competitive with others in the same business, but he does have a vague sense of loyalty to his friends. He collects videos of nights with his girlfriends in his rather large "cupboard of love." Patrick proposes to Sally in the last episode when she finds the engagement ring in the cupboard, but her answer is left unknown.

Jane Christie (Gina Bellman) – Ex-long-time partner of Steve, Jane is very possessive, and despite breaking up with Steve in the first episode, she never truly seems to let go. Jane has a problem talking to men, often coming on much too strong and appearing desperate or rude to others in her pursuit of a man. Her character also seems to not be too bright, perhaps even disturbed, and is known to be incredibly self obsessed, as shown in a second series episode when a 'subtext detector' shows that the only thing she ever really means when talking is the word "Me". In the fourth series, everyone starts referring to her as being "mad." Jane claims to be bisexual, although we have never actually seen her date a woman. Susan time and again expresses scepticism, so this claim may be a ploy to entice men. However, Susan (for her own reasons) French kisses Jane in the fourth series and Jane seems to be overwhelmed but enjoys it. However, her claim is also successfully challenged by Oliver Morris in the fourth series, where he points out that she is indeed not bisexual. Jane works in a local radio station as a traffic reporter, and is popular mainly due to her flirtatious nature and sexually explicit reports. She was once briefly fired for telling all the drivers to close their eyes to centre themselves and changing the names of streets for her own amusement, among other things, but was re-hired due to her popularity.

Oliver Morris (Richard Mylan) is introduced in the fourth series and eventually becomes involved with Jane. He runs a local science fiction media store called "Hellmouths" and has been out of a relationship for several months. Oliver often has a very cynical outlook, but is prone to accidents, often making a fool of himself in the process. He is sometimes shown gearing himself up to meet women and have sex by thinking to himself, which the audience can hear. The geekiness of his job is also used for comic effect. Oliver also seems to have inherited Jeff's inability to talk to women, however, unlike Jeff he believes himself to be a ladies' man, or in his thoughts' words "a woman-killer, I mean lady-killer...". Oliver has a tendency to use the word 'craziness' frequently in conversations, usually as an attempt to alleviate tension when he starts blabbering. Richard Mylan has said in interview that it took a long time for people to accept his character due to Jeff's popularity.^[18]

Other characters

Julia Davis (Lou Gish) appears in five episodes spanning over series 2 and 3. She first appears in "Naked", as the new head of department in the office where Jeff and Susan work. Julia and Jeff soon fall for each other due to their shared inability to hold a reasonable conversation with a member of the opposite sex. Despite overcoming the inevitable troubles with each other, their relationship ends when Julia's ex, Joe, a soldier, returns from the front line believing Julia to still be his girlfriend. After finding Julia chained to the bed in her room dressed in bondage gear, Joe attacks Jeff. In the final episode of series 3, Jeff explains that Julia and Joe have left together to discover their feelings for each other, in Bolton.

Tamsin (Olivia Caffrey) is Oliver's Irish ex-girlfriend, who left him for unknown reasons around six months prior to the beginning of the fourth series, and has since become pregnant by another man, with whom she has now split. She befriends Susan at an antenatal class and is also revealed to be one of Patrick's many ex-girlfriends. Tamsin and Oliver seem to have a sour relationship, as is shown over the three episodes in which she features, but also refers to him as a cross between brother and sister.

James (Lloyd Owen) appears in three episodes of series three. He hosts the religious programme at the radio station where Jane works, and Jane pretends to have an interest in religion in order to become his girlfriend. Jane is devastated to find he does not believe in sex before marriage, and even more so to find that he had a fervent sex life before finding God, which included a night with Susan. He leaves on a trip to Germany at the end of '"The Freckle, the Key, and the Couple Who Weren't", and returns in "Perhaps, Perhaps, Perhaps", just as Jane is expressing her amazement that the many sexual encounters she has had while he was away have not made her pregnant ("I have shagged and shagged and shagged and all the little bastards missed!"). At this point Jane decides she is better off without him.

Jill (Elizabeth Marmur) appears in an episode of series 1 and once again in series 4. In the first series, Jill is Jane's therapist whom Jane constantly manages to manipulate. She is dragged to a dinner party with Jane in an episode called "Inferno" where everyone assumes she is a lesbian. She witnesses one of Steve's monologues about loving naked bottoms when the subject of one of his videos, Lesbian Spank Inferno, comes up. Jill reappears in the fourth series as a pregnancy specialist; "Moved on from therapy after your friend Jane...".

Episodes

Main article: List of Coupling episodes

Four series of Coupling were produced for the BBC. The first series of six episodes was broadcast on Friday evenings from 12 May to 16 June 2000.^[15] Nine episodes were commissioned for the second series, which was broadcast on Monday evenings in Autumn 2001. The third series, consisting of seven episodes, were broadcast a year later. The first three series first aired on BBC2, but the fourth series was first broadcast on BBC Three in May and June 2004, although repeated on BBC Two a few months later.^[19]

The BBC approached Moffat about writing a fifth series, but other commitments made it impossible to gather the cast. Moffat moved on to write acclaimed episodes for the revived science fiction series Doctor Who (becoming the show's executive producer for the fifth series). Moffat provided some short storyline "conclusions" about the eventual fate of the characters on the website Outpost Gallifrey.^[20][21]

Reception

Critical reception was generally positive. The Guardian's Mark Lawson applauded Moffat's writing, specifically assessing the episode "The Girl with Two Breasts" as "comic writing of astonishing originality and invention."^[22] The Daily Record called the show "frank and funny."^[23] Writing in The Independent, Mark Thompson, then Director of Television at the BBC, mentioned Moffat's earlier sitcoms Joking Apart and Chalk to suggest "ambition in television is also about sharing the long road to originality and creative achievement."^[24] The Guardian also comments, "Moffat ... has long seemed to me one of the most original TV writers and it's good that ratings-crazed television has persevered with him. His particular talent is for intricately plotted sexual farce."^[25] Commenting on the second series, the Mail on Sunday reported "Coupling is still the funniest thing around... Writer Steven Moffat's inventive grasp of comic structure is immense, and these characters make a great ensemble."^[26] The Times commented, "Steven Moffat is turning out to be one of the boldest, most inventive, sitcom writers around."^[27] Scholar James Monaco comments that Coupling is "witty and elegantly structured ... [taking] the Seinfeld/Friends model to new heights with intricately wrought plots built on the interactions of six young friends. Replete with rich dialogue and bright timing it renewed the British comedy franchise."^[28]

Various journalists compared the show to the American sitcoms Friends and Seinfeld. Melbourne's The Age commented that the show was "as a 'highly original' and 'unrestricted' cross of Friends and Seinfeld",^[29] while The Guardian's Mark Lawson similarly said, "British commissioners have long dreamed that some local comedy lab would clone Friends or Seinfield. Moffat's managed to cross them while creating a series which feels highly original."^[22] Further comparisons were made to Friends when NBC commissioned an American version of the show in 2003, although some newspapers still pointed out that Coupling "owes much to Seinfeld, with laugh-out-loud riffs on 'unflushable' exes, escalating 'giggle loops' during solemn moments of silence and 'porn buddies,' who in the event of your sudden demise will remove all of the naughty pictures and videos from your flat before your parents arrive."^[30] New York's Daily News, which quotes Moffat "boozier, smokier, more shag-infested series" than Friends, also thought that "some characters ... have ties closer to Seinfeld ... Jane, who, despite her beauty, is so abrasive she's like a female Newman. And Richard Coyle's Jeff is very much like Kramer: He's uncomfortable in a topless club, he explains, because he equates the women to 'porn that can see you'."^[31]

The show was named "Best TV Comedy" at the 2003 British Comedy Awards.^[32]

The programme was thought to have ended when the American network NBC began work on an American adaptation, which NBC was reportedly hoping to position as a replacement for Friends.^[31] Unlike most American adaptations, this show was intended to be a word-for-word duplicate of the British version, except that it was shortened to allow for the shorter running time of North American 'half hour' shows. The programme was attacked in the press long before the first episode aired, because it was more sexually explicit than typical American television.^[4] The US version was cancelled after airing just four episodes. It starred Rena Sofer and Sonya Walger, among others. Gina Bellman, who plays Jane in the British series, made a cameo appearance in the first episode.

All four series were released in the UK, US, Israel, Canada, Australia, Germany, Sweden, Portugal, the Benelux countries, Kenya, Turkey and Latin America. In India, some episodes were telecast on the BBC and Series 1 is available on VCD. A Greek adaptation was broadcast on ANT1 in 2007 and 2008.^[33][34]

References

1. ^ ^{a b c d} CONVEY, OLIVIA (May 20, 2000). "DRAMA BY NUMBERS; FORGET BOY MEETS GIRL OR FAMILY SITCOMS, TODAY'S TELEVISION AUDIENCES ARE DEMANDING GROUP-BASED SHOWS". Birmingham Post: p. 8. 
2. ^ Andre Ptaszynski and Steven Moffat, Joking Apart, Series 2, Episode 1 DVD audio commentary
3. ^ Fool if You Think It's Over, featurette, Joking Apart, Series 1 DVD, Dir. Craig Robins
4. ^ ^{a b c d e} Sternbergh, Adam (2003-09-07). "Selling Your Sex Life". The New York Times. http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9A03EFD61538F934A3575AC0A9659C8B63&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=all. Retrieved 2008-04-01. 
5. ^ ^{a b} After the Chalk Dust Settled, featurette on Chalk Series 1 DVD, ReplayDVD.co.uk, prod. & dir. Craig Robins
6. ^ Chalk Series 1 DVD audio commentary, ReplayDVD
7. ^ ^{a b c d e f g h i j k l m n} "Coupling: From Script to Screen", credit: Andrew Kerr, BBC Worldwide Americas. Series 4 DVD
8. ^ "5. THE GIRL WITH TWO BREASTS 09/06/00". Coupling Episode Guide. BBC. http://www.bbc.co.uk/comedy/coupling/episodes/s1ep5.shtml. 
9. ^ "1. SPLIT 23/09/02". Coupling Episode Guide. BBC. http://www.bbc.co.uk/comedy/coupling/episodes/s3ep1.shtml. 
10. ^ "1. Nine and a Half Minutes 10/5/04". Coupling Episode Guide. BBC. http://www.bbc.co.uk/comedy/coupling/episodes/s4ep1.shtml. 
11. ^ ^{a b c d e} Vertue, Sue; Moffat, Steven, Coupling, "Naked", Series 2, Episode 8 DVD audio commentary
12. ^ ^{a b c d e} Moffat, Steven; Bellman, Gina, Coupling, "Dressed", Series 2, Episode 7 DVD audio commentary
13. ^ ^{a b} Lawson, Mark (February 3, 2009). "G2: Stylish from the very start: Mark Lawson on Mad Men's title sequence - and five other classics". The Guardian (London): p. 15. 
14. ^ ^{a b c} "Coupling - Jack Davenport". BBC. http://www.bbc.co.uk/comedy/coupling/cast/jack_davenport.shtml. Retrieved 2010-08-09. 
15. ^ ^{a b} "BBC - Coupling - Flushed Episode Guide". Bbc.co.uk. http://www.bbc.co.uk/comedy/coupling/episodes/s1ep1.shtml. Retrieved 2008-12-21. 
16. ^ "BBC - Coupling - Nine and a Half Months Episode Guide". Bbc.co.uk. http://www.bbc.co.uk/comedy/coupling/episodes/s4ep6.shtml. Retrieved 2008-12-21. 
17. ^ "Jeff Becomes Uncoupled". BBC - Comedy - News. 14 Nov 2003. Archived from the original on 6 Jul 2005. http://web.archive.org/web/20050706024251/http://www.bbc.co.uk/comedy/news/20031114.shtml. 
18. ^ "Coupling - Richard Mylan interview 2". BBC. http://www.bbc.co.uk/comedy/coupling/interviews/richard_mylan_video_2.shtml. 
19. ^ "Monday Satellite: Satellite Pick of the Day". Daily Record: p. 24. May 10, 2004. 
20. ^ Moffat, Steven (2006-03-01). "Coupling, PBS and the Pledge Drive of Doom." (free registration required). The Doctor Who Forum at Outpost Gallifrey. http://www.gallifreyone.com/forum/showthread.php?t=70744. Retrieved 2006-03-01. "Sally said yes to Patrick, they got married and are very happy." ^{[dead link]}
21. ^ The text of the "conclusions" post is also reproduced on this blog post.
22. ^ ^{a b} Lawson, Mark (June 5, 2000). "When you do it for a living, watching TV can be a chore. But even the most seasoned critic occasionally finds something genuinely enjoyable.". The Guardian (London): p. 17. 
23. ^ "MAKING THE OPPOSITE SEX TICK; COUPLING BBC 2, 9.30PMT". Daily Record: p. 43. May 13, 2000. 
24. ^ Thompson, Mark (June 20, 2000). "The battle for Auntie'S heart and soul; he has been accused of everything from elitism to dumbing down. Here, MARK THOMPSON, Director of Television at the BBC, explains his strategy for changing BBC1 AND BBC2 to reflect changing viewer habits - and improving Newsnight". The Independent (London): p. 10. 
25. ^ "ML" (May 8, 2000). "Two of a kind". The Guardian (London): p. 17. 
26. ^ Stephen, Jaci (October 21, 2001). "Revenge is weak". Mail on Sunday (London): p. 73. 
27. ^ Joseph, Joe (September 25, 2001). "Review". The Times (London). 
28. ^ Monaco, James (2009). How to read a film: movies, media, and beyond : art, technology, language ... (4 ed.). Oxford University Press. ISBN 0195321057. 
29. ^ Courtis, Brian (February 15, 2001). "Networking". The Age (Melbourne): p. 6. 
30. ^ Larsen, Dave (January 19, 2003). "RISQUE BUSINESS; Hilarious BBC sitcom pushes boundaries beyond 'Friends'". Dayton Daily News (Ohio): p. C3. 
31. ^ ^{a b} BIANCULLI, David (January 17, 2003). "WITH THIS SIX, YOU GET SEX Brit gang back for fun & frolic". Daily News (New York): p. 126. 
32. ^ Catchpole, Charlie (December 15, 2003). "LEADER; THE JOKES RUN DRY AT SOBER PRIZE NIGHT". The Express: p. 13. 
33. ^ ""Coupling" (2007) > Episode list". IMDb. http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1141287/episodes. Retrieved 2009-04-13. 
34. ^ "Οι τριαντάρηδες του «Κάπλινγκ» στο... μικροσκόπιο" (in Greek). Εθνος (Ethnos). http://www.ethnos.gr/article.asp?catid=11416&subid=2&tag=8448&pubid=149203. Retrieved 2010-01-29. 

External links

• Coupling at BBC Online
• Coupling at the Internet Movie Database
• Coupling at TV.com
• Coupling at the British Comedy Guide
• Coupling at Phill.co.uk Comedy Guide