Peruzzi

Peruzzi

:"Baldassare Peruzzi was a leading Italian architect of the earlier 16th century; his son Giovanni Sallustio Peruzzi was also an architect."

The Peruzzi were bankers of Florence, among the leading families of the city in the 14th century, before the rise to prominence of the Medici. Their modest antecedents stretched back to the mid 11th century, according to the family's genealogist Luigi Passerini, but a restructuring of the Peruzzii company in 1300, with an infusion of outside capital, marked the start of a quarter-century of prosperity that brought the family consortium to the forefront of Florentine affairs. Semi-public patronage reaffirmed the Peruzzi status in Florence: in his will in 1299, Donato di Arnoldo Peruzzi left money for a memorial chapel in a transept of the Basilica of Santa Croce, Florence. It was probably his grandson Giovanni di Rinieri Peruzzi who was Giotto's patron in frescoing the walls with murals honoring John the Evangelist and John the Baptist, which Giotto executed, starting in 1313.

For economic historians the surviving account books of the Peruzzi cover the years 1335–1343, and provide an indispensable primary source for the economic history of the city on the cusp of the late Medieval and Early Modern period. The contemporary chronicler Giovanni Villani is the other prime source for the family's affairs.

The company that bore the Peruzzi name was run by a half-dozen family members, and there were many Peruzzi who were neither active nor silent partners, pursuing other careers, even amassing independent capital. The company's courier system acted as an intelligence-gathering system often embroiled in diplomacy. The size of the bank should not be understated: by the 1330s, the Peruzzi bank was the second largest in Europe, with fifteen branches from the Middle East to London, all capitalized to the sum of more than 100000 gold florins and manned by approximately 100 factors. [pg 3 of De Roover 1966]

Peruzzi capital had been amassed in the textile business that was the main engine of Florence's prosperity. English wool finished as high-quality cloth in Bruges was bought by Peruzzi "fattori" and distributed to the luxurious courts of Paris, Avignon or Naples, or returned to London. Peruzzi connections with the Knights Hospitallers gained them important local leverage in Rhodes, the economic capital of the Aegean and a transshipping port for silks, drugs, spices and luxuries from the East. Trade beyond Italy required agents and instruments of credit, extending the family business beyond its extended membership into an international network. In Italy was developed the double-entry bookkeeping that made such complicated financial transactions possible. By the opening of the 14th century, the main activity of the Peruzzi had switched to wholesale commodities trading on a very large scale, especially in grain exported from the Angevine Kingdom of Naples to the central Italian cities—for which they were granted a monopoly— and to banking, the field for which they are remembered: popes, nobles, bourgeois, towns and abbeys drew loans from the Peruzzi. But great clients incurred great risks. In 1343 the Peruzzi consortium collapsed and was bankrupt in 1345, with their partners in risk-capital, the Bardi.

The traditional explanation, of unsecured loans extended to Edward III of England, is currently considered simplistic. In fact, several factors destabilized the network of trade. The war with Castruccio Castracane of Lucca bled Florentine specie to pay for mercenaries, while France and England went to war over Aquitaine and the peasants of Flanders rose up in a revolt that was put down with the aid of mercenaries purchased with Peruzzi florins.

Not all family fortune were tied in the bankruptcy, and the Peruzzi continued to figure among the prominent families of Florence, the "patrizii di Firenze". In 1849, in the wake of the disturbances of 1848, the gonfaloniere of Florence was Ubaldino Peruzzi (giuseppe Conti, "Firenze Vecchia").

The tower of the fortified Villa Peruzzi in the comune of Antella south of Florence controls the main road into the Chianti district.

Members of the family who emigrated to America in the late 19th century and settled in Pennsylvania founded the Peruzzi chain of automobile dealerships and the Planters Nut and Chocolate Company.

References

* -(the product of three years research in the Florentine archives, to improve the author's previous work; it was previously released in 1963, not by the Norton Library but by Harvard University Press)

External links

* [http://gallery.euroweb.hu/html/g/giotto/s_croce/1peruzzi/ Scenes from the Peruzzi Chapel frescoes]
* [http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.asp?compid=33008 Ephraim Russell, "The societies of the Bardi and the Peruzzi and their dealings with Edward III, 1327–45"]

Further reading

*Edwin S. Hunt, 1994. "The Medieval Super-Companies : A Study of the Peruzzi Company of Florence" (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press) ISBN 0-521-89415-8 ( [http://www.heliotropia.org/02-02/allaire.shtml Review] )


Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.

Игры ⚽ Поможем сделать НИР

Look at other dictionaries:

  • Peruzzi — Saltar a navegación, búsqueda Baldassarre Peruzzi fue un importante arquitecto de principios del Siglo XVI; su hijo Giovanni Sallustio Peruzzi fue también arquitecto. Los Peruzzi fueron banqueros de Florencia, y una de las familias principales de …   Wikipedia Español

  • Peruzzi — ist der Familienname folgender Personen: Angelo Peruzzi (* 1970), italienischer Fußballtorhüter Baldassare Peruzzi (1481 1536), italienischer Architekt und Maler Giovanni Sallustio Peruzzi († 1573), italienischer Architekt Ubaldino Peruzzi… …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • PERUZZI (B.) — PERUZZI BALDASSARE (1481 1536) Architecte et peintre du cercle de Raphaël, né à Sienne, Baldassare Peruzzi se consacre d’abord à la peinture, sous la direction de Pinturicchio avec qui il collabore aux fresques du dôme de Sienne (chapelle Saint… …   Encyclopédie Universelle

  • Peruzzi — Peruzzi, Balthasar, geb. 1481 in Accajano bei Siena, Maler u. Baumeister. In Rom schloß er sich an Rafael an, ahmte dessen Styl nach u. schmückte mehre Gebäude, wo Rafael malte, u.a. die Farnesina, mit architektonischen Verzierungen. Er malte… …   Pierer's Universal-Lexikon

  • Peruzzi — Peruzzi, 1) Baldassare, ital. Maler und Architekt, geb. 7. März 1481 in Occajano bei Siena, gest. 6. Jan. 1536 in Rom, kam 1503 nach Rom, wo er sich in der Malerei nach Raffael, in der Baukunst nach Bramante und den antiken Denkmälern bildete.… …   Meyers Großes Konversations-Lexikon

  • Peruzzi — Peruzzi, Baldassare, ital. Maler und Baumeister, geb. 1481 bei Siena, seit 1520 Baumeister an der Peterskirche in Rom, gest. das. 6. Jan. 1536; ferner: Villa Farnesina in Rom, Paläste in Siena und Rom u.a …   Kleines Konversations-Lexikon

  • Peruzzi — Peruzzi, Balthasar, geb. 1481 zu Siena, gest. 1536, Maler u. Baumeister, arbeitete hauptsächlich zu Rom …   Herders Conversations-Lexikon

  • Peruzzi — Famille Peruzzi Blason des Peruzzi …   Wikipédia en Français

  • Peruzzi, Baldassare — • Italian architect and painter (1481 1537) Catholic Encyclopedia. Kevin Knight. 2006 …   Catholic encyclopedia

  • Peruzzi (Handelsgesellschaft) — Einer der Türme der Peruzzi in Florenz. Er steht am seinerzeitigen Corte dei Peruzzi (heute Piazza dei Peruzzi), der vollständig von Gebäuden der Familie umstanden war. Diese Anordnung diente Verteidigungszwecken. Die in Florenz ansässigen… …   Deutsch Wikipedia

Share the article and excerpts

Direct link
Do a right-click on the link above
and select “Copy Link”