Orders of magnitude (acceleration)

This page lists examples of the acceleration occurring in various situations. They are grouped by orders of magnitude.

Factor [m/s²]	Multiple	Value	[G]	Item
100	1 m/s²	0 m/s²	0 G	The gyro rotors in Gravity Probe B and the free-floating proof masses in the TRIAD I navigation satellite[1]
		≈ 0 m/s²	≈ 0 G	A ride in the Vomit Comet
		1.62 m/s²	0.1654 G	Standing on the Moon at its equator
		9.82 m/s²	1 G	Gravity acceleration on earth at sea level-standard.[2]
101	1 deca (da m/s²)	29 m/s²	3 G	Sustainable for > 25 seconds, for a human.[2]
		49 m/s²	5 G	Causes disorientation, dizziness and fainting in humans.[2]
		88 m/s²	9 G	Maximum for a fit, trained individual with g-suit with kept consciousness (G-LOC)
		11.2 m/s²	1.14 G	Saturn V moon rocket just after launch
		15.2 m/s² †	1.55 G†	Bugatti Veyron from 0 to 100 km/h in 2.4 s
		29 m/s²	3 G	Space Shuttle, maximum during launch and reentry
		34 – 62 m/s²	3.5 – 6.3 G	High-g roller coasters[3]:340
		41 m/s²	4.2 G	Top Fuel drag racing world record of 4.4 s over 1/4 mile
		49+ m/s²	5+ g	Formula One car, maximum under heavy braking
		51 m/s²	5.2 G	Luge, maximum expected at the Whistler Sliding Centre
		49 – 59 m/s²	5 – 6 G	Formula One car, peak lateral in turns [4]
		+69 / -49 m/s²	+7 / -5 G	Standard, full aerobatics certified glider
		70.6 m/s²	7.19 G	Apollo 16 on reentry[5]
		88 – 118 m/s²	9 – 12 G	Typical max. turn in an aerobatic plane or fighter jet
102	1 hecto (h m/s²)	177 m/s²	18 G	Physcial damage in humans like broken capillaries.[2]
		454 m/s²	46.2 G	Maximum for human on a rocket sled that is survived.[2]
		> 491 m/s²	> 50 G	Death or serious injury likely
		982 m/s²	100 G	Sprint missile
		> 982 m/s²	> 100 G	Brief human exposure survived in crash[6]
		982 m/s²	100 G	Deadly limit for most humans.[7] Rocket sled “Gee Whiz” with 50% safety factor.[2]
104	10 k (k m/s²)	17 680 m/s²	1800 G	Space gun with a barrel length of 1 km and a muzzle velocity of 6 km/s, as proposed by Quicklaunch (assuming constant acceleration)
		>49 100 m/s²	> 5000 G	Shock capability of mechanical wrist watches[8]
		84 450 m/s²	8600 G	Current formula one engines, maximum piston acceleration [9]
105	100 k (k m/s²)	152 210 m/s²	15 500 G	Rating of electronics built into military artillery shells[10]
		304 420 m/s²	31 000 G	9 × 19 Parabellum handgun bullet (average along the length of the barrel)[11]
106	1 mega (M m/s²)	1 865 800 m/s²	190 000 G	9 × 19 Parabellum handgun bullet, peak[12]
109	1 giga (G m/s²)	1.9×109 m/s²	1.9×108 G	Mean acceleration of a proton in the Large Hadron Collider[13]
1021	1 zetta (Z m/s²)	8.7×1021 m/s²	8.9×1020 G	Acceleration from a Wakefield plasma accelerator[14]

† Directed 40 degrees from horizontal.

See also

• G-force
• Gravitational acceleration
• Standard gravity
• International System of Units (SI)
• SI prefix

References

1. ^ Stanford University: Gravity Probe B, Payload & Spacecraft, and NASA: Investigation of Drag-Free Control Technology for Earth Science Constellation Missions. The TRIAD 1 satellite was a later, more advanced navigation satellite that was part of the U.S. Navy’s Transit, or NAVSAT system.
2. ^ ^{a b c d e f} csel.eng.ohio-state.edu - High Acceleration and the Human Body, Martin Voshell, November 28, 2004
3. ^ George Bibel. Beyond the Black Box: the Forensics of Airplane Crashes. Johns Hopkins University Press, 2008. ISBN 0-8018-8631-7.
4. ^ 6 g has been recorded in the 130R turn at Suzuka circuit, Japan. [1] Many turns have 5 g peak values, like turn 8 at Istanbul or Eau Rouge at Spa
5. ^ NASA: Table 2: Apollo Manned Space Flight Reentry G Levels
6. ^ “Several Indy car drivers have withstood impacts in excess of 100 G without serious injuries.” Dennis F. Shanahan, M.D., M.P.H.: ”Human Tolerance and Crash Survivability, citing Society of Automotive Engineers. Indy racecar crash analysis. Automotive Engineering International, June 1999, 87–90. And National Highway Traffic Safety Administration: Recording Automotive Crash Event Data
7. ^ answerbag.com - Whats the maximum number of g's (G Force) that a human can endure?
8. ^ Omega [2], Ball Watch Technology
9. ^ Cosworth V8 engine ; Up to 10,000 g before rev limits
10. ^ "L-3 Communication's IEC Awarded Contract with Raytheon for Common Air Launched Navigation System". http://www.iechome.com/news/032003.htm. 
11. ^ Assuming a 8.04 gram bullet, a muzzle velocity of 350 metres per second (1,100 ft/s), and a 102 mm barrel.
12. ^ Assuming a 8.04 gram bullet, a peak pressure of 240 MPa (35,000 psi) and 440 N of friction.
13. ^ (7 TeV / (20 minutes * c))/proton mass
14. ^ (42 GeV / 85 cm)/electron mass