Arlon

For the asteroid, see 1717 Arlon.

Arlon
Arlon centre with bell tower of St. Martin's Church
Flag Coat of arms
Arlon Location in Belgium
Coordinates: 49°41′N 05°49′E / 49.683°N 5.817°E / 49.683; 5.817
Country	Belgium
Region	Wallonia
Community	French Community
Province	Luxembourg
Arrondissement	Arlon
Government
– Mayor	Raymond Biren (cdH)
– Governing party/ies	cdH, PS
Area
– Total	118.64 km2 (45.8 sq mi)
Population (1 January 2010)[1]
– Total	27,763
– Density	234/km2 (606.1/sq mi)
Postal codes	6700, 6704, 6706
Area codes	063
Website	www.arlon.be (French)
Map of Arlon

(Margraviate) County of Arlon (Mark)grafschaft Arel (lb) (Margraviat) Comté d'Arlon (fr) (Mark)graafschap Aarle (li) (Mark)graafschap Aarlen (nl)
State of the Holy Roman Empire
← 950–1221 →
Capital	Arel (Arlon)
Government	Principality
Historical era	Middle Ages
- Established	950
- Raised to margraviate	ca 1167
- United with the     County of Luxembourg	1214
- Annexed to the     Duchy of Limburg	1221 1221

Arlon (French pronunciation: [aʁlɔ̃]; Luxembourgish: Arel; Dutch: Aarlen [Dutch pronunciation: [ˈaːr.lə(n)]]; German: Arel; Walloon: Årlon) is a Walloon municipality of Belgium located in the province of Luxembourg, of which it is the capital, and part of Arelerland (Land of Arlon). Despite the Luxembourgish majority population, the city was not included in the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg and an assimilation process to the French language continued undisturbed.^[2]

The municipality of Arlon includes the villages of Autelbas (Luxembourgish: Nidderälter), Autelhaut, Barnich, Bonnert (Bunnert), Clairefontaine, Fouches, Frassem, Freylange, Guirsch (Giisch), Heckbous, Heinsch (Häschel), Sampont, Sesselich, Seymerich, Sterpenich, Toernich (Täernech), Udange, Viville, Waltzing, and Weyler.

History

Roman and medieval times

Before the Roman conquests of Gaul, the territory of Arlon and a vast area to the southeast were settled by the Treveri, a tribe of mixed Celtic and Germanic origins. The local population adapted relatively easily to Roman culture. The number and quality of sculpted stones and monuments that have been unearthed in the area demonstrate that the vicus of Orolaunum quickly became a vibrant commercial and administrative centre of Roman civilization. The Germanic invasions of the 3rd century destroyed most of these early advances, despite the defensive walls that had been built on the Knipchen hill to protect the vicus.

During most of the Middle Ages, the population still used the earlier buildings such as the thermae. In 1060, Waleran I of Limburg, Count of Arlon, built a castle on the Knipchen hill. In the 13th century, the only feminine Cistercian abbey known to date was built in Clairefontaine.

15th century until the French Revolution

The Duchy of Luxembourg itself, of which Arlon was dependent, became part of the Burgundian Netherlands under Philip the Good in 1441. After Charles V's abdication of his empire to his son Philip II of Spain in 1556, a troubled period started for the whole region as continuous wars opposed France, Spain, and the Southern Netherlands. In 1558, nearly half of the city, including its castle, was destroyed by the French troops of Francis, Duke of Guise. In the 17th century, Capuchin monks built a convent on the ruins of the castle and the French strengthened the defensive walls according to Vauban's designs. An accidental fire destroyed a large part of the city again in 1785.

St Donat's church, Arlon

Modern times

See also: Battle of Arlon (1793) and Battle of Arlon (1794)

On June 9, 1793, the French Revolutionary troops opposed the Austrians just outside of Arlon. The French emerged victorious and occupied the city. They expelled the Capuchin monks and used their convent as a hospital. After the Battle of Waterloo, Arlon's history is entwined with that of Belgium.

Arlon was one of the first victims of the German invasion in 1914 as 121 inhabitants were executed on August 26 on the orders of Colonel Richard Karl von Tessmar. Its territory was again among the first to be invaded at the onset of World War II. During the second world war the mayor collaborated with the Germans. He was shot in 1946.

Arlon today

Being situated very close to the border with the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, Arlon has continued to expand with new residential areas and commercial development zones, and many people cross the border everyday to work in the Grand Duchy. One of the largest industrial employers is the Ferrero Rocher chocolate factory. Having the last station on the main Brussels—Luxembourg City railway line, all International express trains make a stop in Arlon.

Sights

St Martin's church, Arlon

• Arlon is best known for holding one of the richest archæological museums in Belgium. It houses numerous examples of Roman sculpture and Merovingian funerary art.
• A fragment of the Gallo-Roman defensive wall that was built in the 3rd century still stands in Arlon.
• The Gaspar Museum is well known for its furniture, paintings, ceramics, and religious art.
• Saint Donat's church now stands on the Knipchen hill, where Waleran I of Limburg once built his castle and the Capuchin monks built their convent.

Folklore

• The carnival of Arlon takes place at mid-Lent. It includes the traditional handing of the city keys to the carnival prince and a colourful parade composed of various folkloric groups.
• The Maitrank (German for "drink of May") is the city's most popular refreshment. It is made of white wine in which a local flower, the asperula odorata, has macerated. Some recipes also add cognac or substitute woodruff for the asperula. The Maitrank festivities take place in the city every fourth Sunday of May.

People born in Arlon

• Johann Kaspar Basselet von La Rosée, Bavarian general (1710–1795)
• Godefroid Kurth, historian (1847–1916)
• Benoît Lamy, film director (1945–2008)
• Ingrid Lempereur, swimmer (1969)

International relations

See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in Belgium

Twin towns — Sister cities

Arlon is twinned with:

•  France: Saint-Dié-des-Vosges since 1962
•  Luxembourg: Diekirch
•  Germany: Bitburg since 1965
•  United States: Sulphur, Louisiana
•  France: Hayange
•  Italy: Alba since 1 March 2004
•  United Kingdom: Market Drayton

References

1. ^ Population per municipality on 1 January 2010 (XLS; 221 KB)
2. ^ According to the linguistic results of the census published in the Belgian Official Journal, 74.6% spoke Luxembourgish and 24.8% spoke French in 1910. In 1974 this was respectively 6.2% and 93.5%.

External links

• Official site
• Alternative to official site (French)
• Official Maitrank web site (French)
• Official Saint-Martin parish website of Arlon city (French)