Oligodactyly

Oligodactyly
Oligodactyly
Deux pieds 1 an.jpg

Oligodactyly as a result of ectrodactyly on the feet of a one-year old child
DiseasesDB 30700

Oligodactyly (from Greek prefix oligo-, "having few, having little" + δάκτυλος (daktulos) "finger") in humans is "the presence of fewer than five fingers or toes on a hand or foot".[1][2] It is quite often incorrectly called hypodactyly, but the Greek prefixes hypo- and hyper- are used for continuous scales (e.g. in hypoglycaemia and hypercholesterolemia). This as opposed to discrete or countable scales, where oligo- and poly- should be used (e.g. in oligarchy and polygamy). Oligodactyly is therefore the opposite of polydactyly.[2][3] Very rare, this medical condition usually has a genetic or familial etiology.[3][4]

Oligodactyly is sometimes a sign or symptom of several syndromes including Poland syndrome and Weyer Ulnar Ray Syndrome.[5] It is a type of Dysmelia.

Ectrodactyly, sometimes referred to as the "Lobster-Claw Syndrome"[6] is an extreme instance of oligodactyly, involving the absence of one or more central digits of the hand or foot and is also known as split hand/split foot malformation (SHFM).[7] The hands and feet of people with ectrodactyly are often described as "claw-like" and may include only the thumb and one finger (usually either the little finger, ring finger, or a syndactyly of the two) with similar abnormalities of the feet.[8]

Perhaps surprisingly, people with oligodactyly often have full use of the remaining digits and adapt well to their condition. Outside the occasional stare, they are not greatly hindered in their daily activities, if at all.[4][9] Even those with the most extreme forms are known to engage in tasks that require fine control, such as writing[4] and bootmaking[9] as well as working as a cab driver.[9]

Vadoma people of Zimbabwe have a high frequency of oligodactyly.[10][11]

References

  1. ^ NIH website, citing Merriam-Webster's Medical Dictionary. Accessed February 16, 2010.
  2. ^ a b Medical terms Dictionary. Accessed February 16, 2010
  3. ^ a b [1]. Accessed February 16, 2010.
  4. ^ a b c Meredith Vaughn Jones, (Nov 1957). "Oligodactyly". Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery B (39). http://www.jbjs.org.uk/cgi/reprint/39-B/4/752.pdf. 
  5. ^ P D Turnpenny, J C Dean, P Duffty, J A Reid, and P Carter, "Weyers' ulnar ray/oligodactyly syndrome and the association of midline malformations with ulnar ray defects." J Med Genet. 1992 September; 29(9): 659–662. Found at NIH website. Accessed last on February 17, 2010.
  6. ^ "Medical Mystery: Ectrodactyly". ABC News. January 27, 2007. http://abcnews.go.com/Health/story?id=2832319. 
  7. ^ Moerman, P.; Fryns, J.P. (1998). "Ectodermal dysplasia, Rapp-Hodgkin type in a mother and severe ectrodactyly-ectodermal dysplasia-clefting syndrome (EEC) in her child". American Journal of Medical Genetics Part A. 63 (3): 479–81. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1096-8628(19960614)63:3<479::AID-AJMG12>3.0.CO;2-J. PMID 8737656. 
  8. ^ Peterson-Falzone, Sally J.; Hardin-Jones, Mary A.; Karnell, Michael P.; McWilliams, Betty Jane (2001). Cleft Palate Speech. Mosby. ISBN 9780815131533. 
  9. ^ a b c Lewis, Thomas (1908). "The Inheritance of Deformities". British Medical Journal 2 (2481): 166–173. doi:10.1136/bmj.2.2481.166. 
  10. ^ Farrell HB (1984). "The two-toed Wadoma--familial ectrodactyly in Zimbabwe". S. Afr. Med. J. 65 (13): 531–3. PMID 6710256. 
  11. ^ Ripley's believe it or not (with photo).

External links

v · d · eCongenital malformations and deformations of musculoskeletal system / musculoskeletal abnormality (Q65–Q76, 754–756.3)
Appendicular
limb / dysmelia
hand deformity:
Lower
hip:
Genu valgum · Genu varum · Genu recurvatum · Discoid meniscus · Congenital patellar dislocation · Congenital knee dislocation
foot deformity:
varus (Club foot / Pigeon toe) · valgus (Flat feet) · Pes cavus · Rocker bottom foot · Hammer toe
Either / both
dactyly / digit:
reduction deficits / limb:
Acheiropodia · ectromelia (Phocomelia · Amelia · Hemimelia)
multiple joints:
Axial
Craniofacial dysostosis:
Crouzon syndrome · Hypertelorism · Hallermann-Streiff syndrome · Treacher-Collins syndrome
other:
spinal curvature (Scoliosis) · Klippel-Feil syndrome · Spondylolisthesis · Spina bifida occulta · Sacralization
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Look at other dictionaries:

  • Oligodactyly — Fewer than the normal number of fingers or toes. Oligo is from the Greek “oligos” (few or scanty) + dactyly from the Greek “dactylos” (finger) = few fingers. Oligodactyly is the opposite of polydactyly which means too many fingers or toes. * * *… …   Medical dictionary

  • oligodactyly — ol·i·go·dac·tyly …   English syllables

  • oligodactyly — noun congenital condition in which some fingers or toes are missing • Hypernyms: ↑genetic disease, ↑genetic disorder, ↑genetic abnormality, ↑genetic defect, ↑congenital disease, ↑inherited disease, ↑inherited disorder, ↑ …   Useful english dictionary

  • oligodactyly, oligodactylia — Presence of fewer than five digits on one or more limbs. [oligo + G. daktylos, finger or toe] …   Medical dictionary

  • Weyers oligodactyly syndrome — Wey·ers oligodactyly syndrome (viґərz) [Helmut Weyers, German pediatrician, 20th century] see under syndrome …   Medical dictionary

  • Weyers oligodactyly syndrome — a congenital syndrome consisting of deficiency of the ulna and ulnar rays, antecubital pterygia, reduced sternal segments, malformations of the kidney and spleen, and cleft lip and palate …   Medical dictionary

  • Dactyly — In biology, dactyly is the arrangement of digits (fingers and toes) on the hands, feet, or sometimes wings of a tetrapod animal. It comes from the Greek word δακτυλος = finger . Sometimes the ending dactylia is used. The derived adjectives end… …   Wikipedia

  • List of diseases (O) — A list of diseases in the English wikipedia.O Ob* O Doherty syndrome * O Donnell Pappas syndrome * Obesity * Obesophobia * Obsessive compulsive disorder * Obstructive asymmetric septal hypertrophy * Obstructive sleep apneaOcOcc Och* Occipital… …   Wikipedia

  • Ectrodactyly — Ectrodactyly, sometimes referred to as the “Lobster Claw Syndrome”[1] involves the deficiency or absence of one or more central digits of the hand or foot and is also known as split hand/split foot malformation (SHFM).[2] The hands and feet of… …   Wikipedia

  • Dysmelia — Dog with dipygus at Ukrainian National Chernobyl Museum in Kiev Dysmelia (from Greek Δύσ = bad plus μέλος (plural μέλεα) = limb ) is a congenital disorder referring to the limbs. [1] …   Wikipedia

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