41 Commando

No. 41 (Royal Marine) Commando
Cap Badge of the Royal Marines
Active	1943–1945 1950–1951 1960–1981
Country	United Kingdom
Branch	Royal Marines
Type	Commando
Role	Coastal raiding force Assault Infantry
Size	One battalion
Part of	4th Special Service Brigade 1943–1945 3 Commando Brigade 1960–1981
Nickname	Four 0ne
Motto	Per Mare Per Terram (By Sea By Land) (Latin)
March	Quick – A Life on the Ocean Wave Slow – Preobrajensky
Commanders
Notable commanders	Lieutenant-Colonel Eric Charles Ernest Palmer
Insignia
Commando Flash

41 Commando or No. 41 (Royal Marine) Commando was a unit of Royal Marines trained as Commandos during the Second World War. They were part of the all Royal Marine 4th Special Service Brigade that took part in the Normandy Landings in June 1944 and later that served in World War II, the Korean War, and in Northern Ireland. They were disbanded in 1981.

Second World War

The early Commando units in the Second World War were all from the British Army but by February 1942, the Royal Marines were asked to organise Commando units of their own, and 6,000 men volunteered.^[1]

'B' (RM) Commando was raised at Pembroke Dock on 7 October 1942, under the command of Lieutenant Colonel P W O'H.Phibbs, from the men of the 8th Royal Marine Battalion. It was the second Royal Marine commando battalion formed after its sister 'A' (RM) Commando. Both commandos were based on the Isle of Wight and soon after the commando was renamed No. 41 (Royal Marine) Commando. It fought with the Special Service Brigade in the invasion of Sicily and at Salerno before returning to the United Kingdom in January 1944, in preparation for the Normandy landings. It was part of the 4th Special Service Brigade and landed at Normandy on 6 June 1944. It later took part in the battle of the Scheldt in November 1944. It then served on the Maas River for the remainder of the war and then occupation duties in Germany. On 20 January 1946 the commando was disbanded.^[2]

41 (Independent) Commando

During the Korean War 41 Commando was reconstituted as 41 (Independent) Commando following a request from the United Nations Command for more amphibious raiding forces. ^[3] The "Independent" designation meant that their commander had sole responsibility for their unit and did not have to consult with higher headquarters on operational and logistical matters.^[4] On 16 August 1950 219 Royal Marine volunteers were assembled in Bickleigh then the Commando School.^[5] They were commanded by Lieutenant Colonel Douglas B. Drysdale DSO, MBE an experienced World War II Commando veteran who was the Chief Instructor at the Royal Marines Officer school.^[6]

The Commandos travelled to Japan in civilian clothes, with most of the civilian clothing issued by the Admiralty. The unit received more volunteers en route from 3 Commando Brigade involved in the Malayan Emergency. Arriving in Japan on 15 September 1950, the Commandos were issued American winter uniforms and weapons but retained their green berets, battle dress and boots. The first mission of the unit was in October where the Commandos embarked on two American high speed transports the USS Horace A. Bass (APD-124) and USS Wantuck (APD-125) supported by the destroyer USS De Haven (DD-727), where they executed a series of raids on the North Korean coast near Wonsan to disrupt North Korean transportation facilities.^[3]

On 10 November 1950, 41 (Independent) Commando joined the United Nations advance in North Korea where they served with the United States Marine Corps; the second time the two organisations had served together, the first being the Boxer Rebellion. During the Battle of Chosin Reservoir Lt. Col. Drysdale was given command of a 900 man unit of his own Commando, American, and South Korean forces called Task Force Drysdale. Their hard fighting together with the American Marines led to 41 Independent Commando being awarded the American Presidential Unit Citation that the 1st Marine Division earned. However it was not awarded until 1957.^{[citation needed]}

The Commando reformed in Japan and in April 1951 were assigned to what eventually became the 1st Commonwealth Division. They raided the North Korean coast with the Republic of Korea Marine Corps until 41 Commando returned to England in December 1951. They were disbanded in on 2 February 1951, the Commando having 31 Marines killed and 17 captured with one Royal Marine choosing to stay in North Korea, who returned to the UK in 1960.^[7]

Post Korean War

In 1960 41 Commando was reformed as part of the United Kingdom's Strategic Reserve. The Commando served in various places throughout the world. These included East Africa in 1964,^[8] in 1969 the they were the first R.M.Commando to participate in operations in Northern Ireland.^[9] In 1971 they were stationed in Malta,^[9] and in 1974 together with 40 Commando they took part in United Nations operation in Cyprus following the Turkish invasion.^[9] In 1977 they leave Malta and in 1979 carry out public duties in London.^[9] In 1981 then based at Deal, Kent they were disbanded again.^[9]

Battle honours

The following Battle honours were awarded to the British Commandos during the Second World War.^[10]

Adriatic Alethangyaw Aller Anzio Argenta Gap Burma 1943–45 Crete Dieppe Dives Crossing Djebel Choucha Flushing Greece 1944–45 Italy 1943–45 Kangaw Landing at Porto San Venere Landing in Sicily Leese Litani Madagascar

Middle East 1941, 1942, 1944 Monte Ornito Myebon Normandy Landing North Africa 1941–43 North-West Europe 1942, 1944–1945 Norway 1941 Pursuit to Messina Rhine St. Nazaire Salerno Sedjenane 1 Sicily 1943 Steamroller Farm Syria 1941 Termoli Vaagso Valli di Comacchio Westkapelle

References

1. ^ Haskew, pp.48–49
2. ^ Moremann, p.93
3. ^ ^{a b} Van Der Bijl, p.47
4. ^ Daugherty III, Leo J. Train Wreckers and Ghost Killers: Allied Marines in the Korean War 2003 History and Museums Division, Headquarters U.S.M.C.
5. ^ http://www.royalmarines.mod.uk/server/show/nav.6633
6. ^ p.837 Proceedings United States Naval Institute
7. ^ The Royal Marines 1939–93
8. ^ Fowler, p.6
9. ^ ^{a b c d e} Fowler, p.7
10. ^ Moreman, p.94

• van der Bijl, Nick (2006). No. 10 Inter-Allied Commando 1942–45. Osprey Publishing. ISBN 1841769991. 
• Fowler, Will (2009). Royal Marine Commando 1950–82: From Korea to the Falklands. Osprey Publishing. ISBN 184603372. 
• Hayhurst Fred (2001). Green Berets in Korea – the story of 41 Independent Commando – Royal Marines. Vangaurd Press. ISBN 1903489121. 
• Moreman, Timothy Robert (2006). British Commandos 1940–46. Osprey Publishing. ISBN 184176986X. 

External links